Alternative fuels from forest residues for passenger cars - an assessment under German framework conditions

Hurtig, Oliver; Leible, L.; Kälber, S.; Kappler, G.; Spicher, Ulrich

doi:10.1186/2192-0567-4-12

“…These processes contribute to 80% of his final result, so a larger GWP value is expected, which is the same as for the straw-based system in our study. On the other hand, Hurtig et al [14] reported a much lower result of 31 g CO 2 eq pkm -1 . This difference can be explained with the stages that are included in the system boundaries of their study and with the fact that their FT process' selectivity of diesel is approximately 80% of the FT raw products which is much higher than the selectivity data used for our study.…”

Section: Global Warming Potentialmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…These authors modelled the GoBiGas demonstration plant; hence, they assumed larger transportation distances and they considered compressed SNG with a lower LHV (approximately 10%) than this study. On the other hand, Hurtig et al [14] reported a much lower GWP value of 40 g CO 2 eq km -1 . However, these authors do not explain what gasifier type they considered which makes any comparison difficult, but they did consider a commuter car; which is different from the car used in this study based on the fuel consumption rates, 0.4 kWh km -1 instead of 0.6 kWh km -1 (in ecoinvent database).…”

Section: Global Warming Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They concluded that liquid biofuels derived from woody biomass do offer an environmentally sound and viable solution to the transport sector. The up-to-date relevant literature showed that LCA practitioners use mostly literature sources [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] for their foreground data, typically limit their environmental impacts to global warming potential (GWP) and acidification potential (AP), use dedicated plantations or forestry residues as the origin of their selected feedstock, and do not pelletize their considered feedstock. In general, concerning GWP wood is superior to fossil fuels and the studies based on literature foreground data result in greater environmental benefits than studies [9] with empirical data, except from the Joint Research Centre (JRC) [10] study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Optimization of two-step transesterification production of biodiesel from neem (Azadirachta indica) oil

Awolu¹,

Layokun²

2013

Int J Energy Environ Eng

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This study evaluates whether a transition of large ports facilities to biofuel production for mobility improves the environmental performance and satisfies the renewable energy directive (RED) and it is the first LCA study that considers biofuel production from torrefied wood. The systems studied are wood, torrefied wood, and straw pellets circulating fluidized bed gasification for H 2 , synthetic natural gas, or Fischer-Tropsch (FT) diesel production and use. These systems are evaluated for their global warming, acidification, eutrophication and particulate matter potentials, as well as, for their aggregated environmental performance. The effects of the electricity mix selection and ecoinvent database's economic allocation are also analyzed. All biomass systems result in a better aggregated environmental performance and benefits for the global warming potential. However, regarding the acidification, particulate matter, and eutrophication potentials, most biomass systems are inferior to the reference systems. Switching to a zero-emission electricity mix offers benefits for all the biomass and fossil-H 2 systems and researchers should use databases cautiously. The bio-H 2 and FT diesel of wood-based systems show the best environmental performance and satisfy the current and future RED targets. On one hand, the bio-H 2 systems result in the largest benefits regarding the global warming potential, and on the other hand, both wood-based FT diesel systems offer overall benefits which concern not only the sustainable target of CO 2 emissions reduction, but also the air quality improvement of the broader area as well.

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“…Several studies have addressed the energy consumption, environmental impact and emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) of vehicles. These studies can be classified according to the fact that the analysis of the environmental impact and GHG emissions is based on the examination of the given type of fuel [5][6][7][8][9] or the comparison of vehicles using different fuels, such as conventional or renewable energy-based fuel [10][11][12][13][14]. Moreover, research on similar topics often takes into account other aspects, such as driving style [6], consumer preferences related to alternative fuels [15] charging behavior [16], the type of transportation [17][18][19] and the sustainability of transport systems [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability Investigation of Vehicles’ CO2 Emission in Hungary

Árpád

¹

,

Kiss

²

,

Bellér

³

et al. 2021

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The regulation of vehicular CO2 emissions determines the permissible emissions of vehicles in units of g CO2/km. However, these values only partially provide adequate information because they characterize only the vehicle but not the emission of the associated energy supply technology system. The energy needed for the motion of vehicles is generated in several ways by the energy industry, depending on how the vehicles are driven. These methods of energy generation consist of different series of energy source conversions, where the last technological step is the vehicle itself, and the result is the motion. In addition, sustainability characterization of vehicles cannot be determined by the vehicle’s CO2 emissions alone because it is a more complex notion. The new approach investigates the entire energy technology system associated with the generation of motion, which of course includes the vehicle. The total CO2 emissions and the resulting energy efficiency have been determined. For this, it was necessary to systematize (collect) the energy supply technology lines of the vehicles. The emission results are not given in g CO2/km but in g CO2/J, which is defined in the paper. This new method is complementary to the European Union regulative one, but it allows more complex evaluations of sustainability. The calculations were performed based on Hungarian data. Finally, using the resulting energy efficiency values, the emission results were evaluated by constructing a sustainability matrix similar to the risk matrix. If only the vehicle is investigated, low CO2 emissions can be achieved with vehicles using internal combustion engines. However, taking into consideration present technologies, in terms of sustainability, the spread of electric-only vehicles using renewable energies can result in improvement in the future. This proposal was supported by the combined analysis of the energy-specific CO2 emissions and the energy efficiency of vehicles with different power-driven systems.

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An LCA-based evaluation of biomass to transportation fuel production and utilization pathways in a large port’s context

Tsalidis

¹

,

Discha

²

,

Korevaar

³

et al. 2017

Int J Energy Environ Eng

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This study evaluates whether a transition of large ports facilities to biofuel production for mobility improves the environmental performance and satisfies the renewable energy directive (RED) and it is the first LCA study that considers biofuel production from torrefied wood. The systems studied are wood, torrefied wood, and straw pellets circulating fluidized bed gasification for H 2 , synthetic natural gas, or Fischer-Tropsch (FT) diesel production and use. These systems are evaluated for their global warming, acidification, eutrophication and particulate matter potentials, as well as, for their aggregated environmental performance. The effects of the electricity mix selection and ecoinvent database's economic allocation are also analyzed. All biomass systems result in a better aggregated environmental performance and benefits for the global warming potential. However, regarding the acidification, particulate matter, and eutrophication potentials, most biomass systems are inferior to the reference systems. Switching to a zero-emission electricity mix offers benefits for all the biomass and fossil-H 2 systems and researchers should use databases cautiously. The bio-H 2 and FT diesel of wood-based systems show the best environmental performance and satisfy the current and future RED targets. On one hand, the bio-H 2 systems result in the largest benefits regarding the global warming potential, and on the other hand, both wood-based FT diesel systems offer overall benefits which concern not only the sustainable target of CO 2 emissions reduction, but also the air quality improvement of the broader area as well.

show abstract

Alternative fuels from forest residues for passenger cars - an assessment under German framework conditions

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Optimization of two-step transesterification production of biodiesel from neem (Azadirachta indica) oil

Optimization of two-step transesterification production of biodiesel from neem (Azadirachta indica) oil

Sustainability Investigation of Vehicles’ CO2 Emission in Hungary

An LCA-based evaluation of biomass to transportation fuel production and utilization pathways in a large port’s context

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