Alternative Foods in Cardio-Healthy Dietary Models that Improve Postprandial Lipemia and Insulinemia in Obese People

Abstract

Obesity is one of the major health problems worldwide. Following healthy dietary patterns can be difficult in some countries due to the lack of availability of certain foods; thus, alternative foods are needed. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of a dietary pattern consisting of fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout (FAWGT) on postprandial insulinemia and lipemia in obese Colombian subjects. A randomized controlled crossover study was conducted, in which 44 subjects with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 followed either a FAWGT diet or a diet high in saturated fat and rich in processed carbohydrates. Levels of lipids and carbohydrates were measured during the postprandial state. The FAWGT diet reduced fasting insulin, VLDL, and HOMA-IR after 8 weeks (p < 0.05), while there was a lower postprandial increase in TG, VLDL, and insulin levels after both acute and chronic intake of FAWGT diet (p < 0.05). The intake of FAWGT-diet was characterized by high consumption of foods rich in fiber, MUFAs, and vitamins C and E (p < 0.05). The consumption of a diet composed of fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout has emerged as a valid alternative to the foods included in other heart-healthy diets since it improves postprandial lipemia and insulinemia in obese people and has similar beneficial effects to these healthy models.

Effect of 8-Week Consumption of a Dietary Pattern Based on Fruit, Avocado, Whole Grains, and Trout on Postprandial Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Gene Expression in Obese People

“…The participants in the present study and its design were previously published [ 14 ]. In brief, the present study was a randomized controlled crossover study and the inclusion and exclusion criteria were previously published [ 14 ].…”

“…The participants in the present study and its design were previously published [ 14 ]. In brief, the present study was a randomized controlled crossover study and the inclusion and exclusion criteria were previously published [ 14 ]. The sample size was calculated taking into account the main objective of the intervention, which was to analyze the postprandial change in triglycerides.…”

“…A previous study by the research team showed that the intake of a dietary pattern based on fruits, avocado, whole grains, and trout typical of the Colombian coffee region improved lipemia and postprandial insulinemia in obese people, suggesting that this dietary pattern could be an alternative to other heart-healthy patterns such as the Mediterranean and Nordic diets in regions where basic foods from these two diets are scarce or unavailable [ 14 ]. However, there are currently no studies assessing the effect of following this dietary model on the regulation of genes involved in obesity-associated processes such as inflammation and oxidative stress.…”

Spotlight on very-low-density lipoprotein as a driver of cardiometabolic disorders: Implications for disease progression and mechanistic insights

“…In patients with existing cardiometabolic risks, 8-week nutritional intervention with a high polyphenol diet can significantly reduce the postprandial lipid content of large VLDL after a high-fat test meal ( 76 ). Another study showed that the consumption of a diet composed of fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout for 8 weeks can reduce fasting insulin and VLDL and lower the postprandial increase in TGs and VLDL ( 77 ). With respect to the intake of fish, notable differences were seen in the NMR lipoprotein profile of the three main n-3 fatty acid subtypes: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and a-linolenic acid (ALA).…”

El aguacate: un aliado protector en la obesidad

“…porcentaje de adultos con obesidad era de 36.1% de la población total (Secretaría de Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública [insp], e Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía [inegi], 2018). El desarrollo de la obesidad es multifactorial, es decir que tiene muchas causas, una de ellas es la carga genética que interactúa con factores ambientales (Izaola et al, 2015), tales como estilos de vida poco saludables en relación con una alimentación rica en grasas saturadas, alta en hidratos de carbono simples (azúcares), así como un bajo nivel de actividad física (Muñoz-Pérez et al, 2021). Además, el presentar obesidad, implica cambios a nivel de la expresión genética, que significan un riesgo mayor a desarrollar otras enfermedades crónicas degenerativas, como la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y enfermedades cardiovasculares (Izaola et al, 2015), entre ellas la aterosclerosis, caracterizada por la acumulación de placas de grasa en las arterias.…”