Alternative Diesel Grade Fuel Transformed from Polypropylene (PP) Municipal Waste Plastic Using Thermal Cracking with Fractional Column Distillation

Abstract

Day by day worldwide use of plastics is increasing because of their light weight and durable characteristics. Waste plastics are major environmental problems all over the world. Waste plastics are not biodegradable , it remains in the landfill for a long period of time causing vegetation and aquatic ecosystem dilemmas. Abandoned waste plastic thrown into the ocean causes friction of ocean waves and then broken down by sunlight into small pieces and takes the shape of plastic like soup. Aquatic organism mistakes the plastic soup as their food and can't digest, either they die or through food chain it affects human health. To avoid severe environmental degradation problems of waste plastics some countries and big cities banned or restricted the use of plastic products. The worldwide generation of waste plastics is approximately 280 million tons/year. All most all of these waste plastics are dumped either in land or ocean. City municipalities spend huge amount of money each year just to dispose of these waste plastics into landfill because most waste plastics are not recycled. When the waste plastics are subjected to incineration, they release harmful toxic gas into the environment causing severe pollution. These waste plastics gradually enhance the hazardous environmental problems. Generally plastics are made from crude oil, however crude oil is a very limited natural resource and non-renewable. Every year millions of barrels of crude oil are to produce the waste plastics and when plastics are discarded after use the energy source is lost. A new developed technology plan minimizes the environment pollution problems simultaneously boost up energy sector by renovating the waste plastics into high energy content fuel. The produced fuel is obtained using a unique thermal degradation of waste plastics and converting them into hydrocarbon fuel like materials. Preliminary tests proved that this fuel burns cleaner and the production cost is very low. Unique production setup demonstrated to produce 93% fuel from waste plastic in the pilot scale. The fuel produced has been tested and proven to work on majority types of internal combustion engines. This technology utilized can avoid waste plastic pollution problem worldwide by the implementation of newly developed technology. Through the utilization of the technology the use of reliable plastics won't need to be banned and serve as a very reliable alternate source of energy. The technology will also help reduce a significant amount of import oil from foreign countries and help provide a steady economy.

Facile Route to Generate Fuel Oil via Catalytic Pyrolysis of Waste Polypropylene Bags: Towards Waste Management of >20 μm Plastic Bags

“…Sweet oil is more preferable than the sour due to its applicability to produce most of the refined products [18,27]. Another Waste mixed plastic [12] Waste HDPE [27] Gulf fuel oil [28] 1 D e n s i t y @ 50 0 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 100 50 0 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 100 50 0 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 important attribute was found to be kinematic viscosity of liquefied hydrocarbon synthesized from waste plastic that was estimated to be 2.149 mm 2 /s at 40 ∘ C. As per the standard kinematic viscosities of fuel oil (3.5-9.7 mm 2 /s), oil formed by our method was found to be less viscous [20,30,31]. Calorific value of oil synthesized from pyrolysis of waste plastic was recorded to be 10,000 cal/g (41.86 MJ/kg), whereas Calorific values of various fuel oils, for example, diesel, gasoline, petrol and petroleum fuel are 44.8, 47.3, 48 and 43 MJ/Kg respectively [20,30,31].…”

“…From the distillation report of the liquefied hydrocarbon, it was found that boiling range of the oil is 71-390 ∘ C, which suggests the presence of a mixture of different fractions such as gasoline, kerosene, and diesel [17,20,[30][31][32].…”

Towards high-quality petrochemical feedstocks from mixed plastic packaging waste via advanced recycling: The past, present and future

“…Numerous authors have investigated the possible application of plastic waste pyrolysis oils as diesel fuel [202][203][204][205][206]. The research often involves fractionation since physical parameters such as boiling points, viscosities and densities are crucial for fuel applications.…”

Conversion of low-density polyethylene plastic waste into valuable fuels using fly ash as a catalyst

“…15), red mud, 16 Fe 2 O 3 (ref. 17) and activated carbons are crucial catalysts that have undergone testing in catalytic pyrolysis processes involving coal or waste plastic. 18 Nevertheless, the rapid deactivation and the expensive nature of commercial catalysts make the catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastic nancially unviable on a large scale.…”

“…Specically, Fe 2 O 3 has the ability to break down large hydrocarbon chains into smaller ones. 17 Additionally, the presence of unburned carbon in y ash can also serve as a catalyst, facilitating the conversion of heavy hydrocarbons into alkanes 18 Moreover, y ash contains activated carbon, a porous form of carbon treated with oxygen to enhance its pore structure and surface area, which can also function as a favorable catalyst to attain the desired hydrocarbon range for kerosene fuel. It has been projected that global ash production will reach approximately 430 million tons in the early 21st century, posing potential environmental challenges in its management.…”