Alternative and Mainstream Media

Kenix, Linda Jean

doi:10.5040/9781849665421

Cited by 90 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 229 publications

(334 reference statements)

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“…Alternative media have historically been defined by their ideological difference from the mainstream media: their relatively limited scale of influence in society, their reliance on citizen reporting, and their connections with social movements. Alternative media, free from the mainstream's ideological and structural constraints, report issues in a manifestly different manner from their mainstream opposition (Kenix 2011).…”

Section: Social Media and National Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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China's image on international English language social media

Xiang¹

2013

Journal of International Communication

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This study analyses the image of China as it is represented on international English-language social media. A content analysis was performed on items collected from Wordpress, Technorati, Digg, Reddit, Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Topix, NowPublic and CNN iReport sources. The analysis finds that international English-language social media presents a more neutral and diverse China in terms of economy, culture and technology than does the international mainstream media. Social media depicts China as a rising economic power whereas constructs such as 'Fascinating China' and 'Innovative China' represent the country's cultural and technological image. However, the analysis also finds that international social media uncritically repeats stereotyped Chinese social, political, religious and ethnic images it captures from the international mainstream media.

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Section: Social Media and National Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mainstream media are trapped within entrenched norms and values that predispose a certain perspective of the world (Kenix 2011).…”

Section: Social Media and National Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

China's image on international English language social media

Xiang¹

2013

Journal of International Communication

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“…might be unsustainable or disappearing, if they ever existed (e.g. Bailey et al ; Kenix ). Wary of mutually exclusive labels, researchers prefer to describe the categories of alternative and mainstream media as porous , flexible , blended , blurred and hybrid as well as contentious (Atton , ; Bailey et al ; Couldry and Curran ; Downing et al ; Kim and Hamilton , Harcup ).…”

Section: Conceptualizations Of ‘Alternative Media’mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wary of mutually exclusive labels, researchers prefer to describe the categories of alternative and mainstream media as porous , flexible , blended , blurred and hybrid as well as contentious (Atton , ; Bailey et al ; Couldry and Curran ; Downing et al ; Kim and Hamilton , Harcup ). Viewing alternative and mainstream media on a ‘spectrum’ (Kenix ) or ‘continuum’ (Harcup , 9) demonstrates ‘healthy skepticism toward sweeping generalizations and binary oppositions.’…”

Section: Conceptualizations Of ‘Alternative Media’mentioning

confidence: 99%

Are There Still Alternatives? Relationships Between Alternative Media and Mainstream Media in a Converged Environment

Rauch¹

2016

Sociology Compass

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Media scholars and non‐scholars alike have long sought to discern and describe the differences between alternative media and mainstream media — a task that became harder in the digital age, as online communications blurred boundaries. This essay examines how theorists and researchers have attempted to clarify the term ‘alternative media’ and to explain why this category remains relevant in a networked society. Academics largely reject the alternative–mainstream dichotomy and view these media on a continuum, featuring many hybrids and few pure instances. While differences between the two forms are less apparent in liberal democracies than in authoritarian regimes, alternative media persist in being less commercial, producing more critical content and being more committed to social change than their mainstream counterparts. In a converged context, the idea of ‘alternative media’ with a dialectical, interdependent relationship to the mainstream remains important to many producers, users and scholars.

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“…While very important differences remain between generalized conceptions of alternative and mainstream media, the convergence of communicative technologies, coupled with changing economic mandates, commercialism, and a rising consumer culture, as well as a raft of other factors, have made the task of differentiating much mainstream and alternative media more problematic. These forces have continued to converge over recent years resulting in a far more homogenized spectrum of what has previously been conceptualized as distinctively mainstream and alternative media [1]. Future research must attempt to better understand what this convergence means for governments around the world, and if there are any potential avenues of interdependent growth that might continue to support democratic governmental systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%