Alternative alkalis for ASP flooding in anhydrite containing oil reservoirs

Sharma, Himanshu; Dufour, Sophie; Arachchilage, Gayani W.P. Pinnawala; Weerasooriya, Upali; Pope, Gary A.; Mohanty, Kishore K.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2014.09.082

Cited by 89 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…At some pHs the Cp value of the acid-salt mixture will match the HLD = 0 condition to attain a low interfacial tension, i.e., an optimum formulation, with low tension and eventually three-phase behavior. In practice, an aqueous solution containing NaOH, Na 2 CO 3 , or another alkaline product [217][218][219][220] is injected so that the pH is increased along a scan, and at some point the pH corresponds to an optimum formulation. In practice, this effect decreases the Cp MIX value, and a WII [ WIII [ WI transition takes place.…”

Section: Double Optimum Formulation Occurrence Produced By An Increasmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Attain Ultralow Interfacial Tension and Three‐Phase Behavior with Surfactant Formulation for Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Review. Part 4: Robustness of the Optimum Formulation Zone Through the Insensibility to Some Variables and the Occurrence of Complex Artifacts

Salager

Antón

Arandia

et al. 2017

J Surfact & Detergents

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In enhanced oil recovery, not only the low‐tension performance, but also the robustness at optimum formulation is an important issue. The fourth part of our review series is dedicated to robustness, defined as the width of the zone exhibiting three‐phase behavior around the optimum formulation, whatever the scanned variable. It is first corroborated from a screening of the available data in the literature that the tension minimum is inversely proportional to the square of the three‐phase range in the HLD scale. However, since there is still an inaccuracy of about a factor 10 in the tension minimum, some significant improvement can be attained in some cases by increasing the three‐phase behavior width in two ways. The first approach consists of finding systems that are insensitive to some formulation variable such as temperature, surfactant mixture composition or concentration, and water‐to‐oil ratio. The second way is to produce an artifact through which the optimum formulation is produced twice in a scan. If the distance between the two events in the scan is reduced down to be zero, their corresponding three‐phase behavior zones merge and result in a wider WIII region with a low tension. Several cases of such events are reported: alkaline scans, anionic‐nonionic and anionic‐cationic mixture changes, linear change in composition in three‐surfactant mixture, partial precipitation from a surfactant mixture in a salinity scan, and excessive partitioning of polyethoxylated nonionics. More complex transitions with three effects in a single scan or three concomitantly scanned variables show even more possibilities in practice.

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Section: Double Optimum Formulation Occurrence Produced By An Increasmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Attain Ultralow Interfacial Tension and Three‐Phase Behavior with Surfactant Formulation for Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Review. Part 4: Robustness of the Optimum Formulation Zone Through the Insensibility to Some Variables and the Occurrence of Complex Artifacts

Salager

Antón

Arandia

et al. 2017

J Surfact & Detergents

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“…The alkali selection is not an easy matter. Alkali studied for ASP flooding includes organic and inorganic alkali [5,24,58,61]. IFT between organic and inorganic for a high temperature (80 ∘ C) [58] indicated that for ultrahigh temperature reservoir, inorganic alkali may be a good choice.…”

Section: Alkali and Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was frequently used in many ASP field tests. Metaborate (NaBO 2 ) and ammonium hydroxide (NH 4 OH) may be used as alkalis in such cases as they are shown to tolerate gypsum which is commonly encountered in carbonate reservoirs [61]. As for ultrahigh temperature reservoir, inorganic alkali like cholamine may be a good choice in ASP flooding [58].…”

Section: Alkali and Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ASP Flooding: Theory and Practice Progress in China

Guo

Wang

et al. 2017

Journal of Chemistry

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In low oil price era, it seems that ASP flooding has little market. However, ASP progress in China shows that ASP flooding is good technology to help oil companies thrive and make profit. Since 2014, ASP flooding has entered industrial application in Daqing oilfield. ASP flooding production in 2015 is 3.5 million ton, 9% of the oilfield’s total production of Daqing oilfield. There are 22 ASP flooding blocks in Daqing, containing 7231 wells and 3 are new blocks in 2016. Obviously, more and more ASP flooding is being carried out. Another large ASP flooding field test in high temperature (80°C) in Henan oilfield has got staged incremental oil recovery of 7.7%. Latest theory and application in ASP flooding in China are reviewed to help ASP flooding go from success to more application. Weak alkali is better than strong alkali ASP flooding. Relation between viscosity and IFT is discussed. This paper also explains why weak alkali ASP flooding is promoted in Daqing after 12 field tests on strong alkali one. ASP flooding can be a great help to survive low oil price.

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“…Although high tertiary oil recovery (*20 % OOIP) was evidenced, side effects resulted from using caustic alkalis were also revealed, such as scaling on equipment and pipelines, and blocking of small capillaries in porous rocks [3,4,7]. To avoid these side effects, use of mild or organic alkalis as alternatives to caustic alkalis [3,4,[7][8][9] and the use of SP flooding free of alkali [3,4,7,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] to replace ASP flooding have been recently proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Type of Sulfobetaine Surfactant with Double Alkyl Polyoxyethylene Ether Chains for Enhanced Oil Recovery

Yang

Cui

et al. 2016

J Surfact & Detergents

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A new type of sulfobetaine with double alkyl polyoxyethylene (n) ether chains, dicoconut oil alcohol polyoxethylene (n) ether methylhydroxylpropyl sulfobetaine (diC12–14EnHSB) was synthesized using a commercial nonionic surfactant, coconut oil alcohol polyoxethylene (n) ether, as raw material and its properties as a surfactant for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in the absence of alkali was studied. The purified product is a mixture of homologues with mainly C12/C12, C12/C14 and C14/C14 alkyl chains and widely distributed EO chains (n = 2.2 on average) with an average molar mass of 742.6 g/mol. The diC12–14E2.2HSB has an improved aqueous solubility at 25 °C compared with didodecylmethylhydroxylpropyl sulfobetaine (diC12HSB), a homologue without an EO chain, and is highly surface active as reflected by its low CMC (4.6 × 10−6 mol/L), high saturated adsorption (6.8 × 10−10 mol/cm2) and small cross sectional area (0.24 nm2/molec.) at the air/water interface. With a hydrophile–lipophile balance well matched with Daqing crude oil/connate water system, the sulfobetaine can reduce Daqing crude oil/connate water interfacial tension to ultra‐low values at 45 °C in the absence of alkali, and displays a low saturated adsorption at the sandstone/water interface (0.0024 mmol/g), reduced by 69 and 92 % respectively in comparison with that of the corresponding carboxyl betaine, diC12–14E2.2B and its homologue without an EO chain, didodecylmethylcarboxyl betaine (diC12B). With these excellent properties diC12–14E2.2HSB gives a high tertiary recovery, 18.4 % original oil in place, when mixed with other hydrophobic and hydrophilic sulfobetaines in surfactant‐polymer (SP) flooding free of alkali. The insertion of EO chains in combination with the replacement of carboxyl betaine by sulfobetaine is therefore very efficient for improving the properties of the double chain hydrophobic carboxyl betaines as surfactants for SP flooding free of alkali.

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Alternative alkalis for ASP flooding in anhydrite containing oil reservoirs

Cited by 89 publications

References 32 publications

How to Attain Ultralow Interfacial Tension and Three‐Phase Behavior with Surfactant Formulation for Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Review. Part 4: Robustness of the Optimum Formulation Zone Through the Insensibility to Some Variables and the Occurrence of Complex Artifacts

How to Attain Ultralow Interfacial Tension and Three‐Phase Behavior with Surfactant Formulation for Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Review. Part 4: Robustness of the Optimum Formulation Zone Through the Insensibility to Some Variables and the Occurrence of Complex Artifacts

ASP Flooding: Theory and Practice Progress in China

A New Type of Sulfobetaine Surfactant with Double Alkyl Polyoxyethylene Ether Chains for Enhanced Oil Recovery

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