Alternation of nasopharyngeal microbiota in healthy youth is associated with environmental factors: implication for respiratory diseases

Zhao, Hongcheng; Chen, Shuaiyin; Yang, Fan; Wu, Huiying; Ba, Yue; Cui, Liuxin; Chen, Ruiying; Zhu, Jingyuan

doi:10.1080/09603123.2020.1810209

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Since season (winter or summer) was associated with two clusters codominated by Corynebacterium and Streptococcus , we hypothesized that nasopharyngeal clusters may be very dynamic and may shift between clusters codominated by different genera . An alternation between different nasopharyngeal microbiota profiles in children due to changes associated with seasonality was previously described for healthy youth and infants, which further supports our own observations [ 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The upper respiratory tract microbiota of healthy adults is affected by Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage, smoking habits, and contact with children

Paulo,

Lança,

Almeida

et al. 2023

Microbiome

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Background The microbiota of the upper respiratory tract is increasingly recognized as a gatekeeper of respiratory health. Despite this, the microbiota of healthy adults remains understudied. To address this gap, we investigated the composition of the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal microbiota of healthy adults, focusing on the effect of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage, smoking habits, and contact with children. Results Differential abundance analysis indicated that the microbiota of the oropharynx was significantly different from that of the nasopharynx (P < 0.001) and highly discriminated by a balance between the classes Negativicutes and Bacilli (AUC of 0.979). Moreover, the oropharynx was associated with a more homogeneous microbiota across individuals, with just two vs. five clusters identified in the nasopharynx. We observed a shift in the nasopharyngeal microbiota of carriers vs. noncarriers with an increased relative abundance of Streptococcus, which summed up to 30% vs. 10% in noncarriers and was not mirrored in the oropharynx. The oropharyngeal microbiota of smokers had a lower diversity than the microbiota of nonsmokers, while no differences were observed in the nasopharyngeal microbiota. In particular, the microbiota of smokers, compared with nonsmokers, was enriched (on average 16-fold) in potential pathogenic taxa involved in periodontal diseases of the genera Bacillus and Burkholderia previously identified in metagenomic studies of cigarettes. The microbiota of adults with contact with children resembled the microbiota of children. Specifically, the nasopharyngeal microbiota of these adults had, on average, an eightfold increase in relative abundance in Streptococcus sp., Moraxella catarrhalis, and Haemophilus influenzae, pathobionts known to colonize the children’s upper respiratory tract, and a fourfold decrease in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Conclusions Our study showed that, in adults, the presence of S. pneumoniae in the nasopharynx is associated with a shift in the microbiota and dominance of the Streptococcus genus. Furthermore, we observed that smoking habits are associated with an increase in bacterial genera commonly linked to periodontal diseases. Interestingly, our research also revealed that adults who have regular contact with children have a microbiota enriched in pathobionts frequently carried by children. These findings collectively contribute to a deeper understanding of how various factors influence the upper respiratory tract microbiota in adults.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The upper respiratory tract microbiota of healthy adults is affected by Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage, smoking habits, and contact with children

Paulo,

Lança,

Almeida

et al. 2023

Microbiome

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“…Seasonal factors are important parameters to consider, as external factors can influence and increase the risk of ARinf/ARill 53–55. This review showed a consistent association of increased ARill with the winter months, supporting the previously established relationship of cold environments with a higher incidence of ARinf/ARill episodes and symptoms 14 51.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Risk factors associated with acute respiratory illnesses in athletes: a systematic review by a subgroup of the IOC consensus on ‘acute respiratory illness in the athlete’

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveTo review risk factors associated with acute respiratory illness (ARill) in athletes, including non-infectious ARill and suspected or confirmed acute respiratory infections (ARinf).DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesElectronic databases: PubMed-Medline, EbscoHost and Web of Science.Eligibility criteriaOriginal research articles published between January 1990 and July 2020 in English were searched for prospective and retrospective full text studies that reported quantitative data on risk factors associated with ARill/ARinf in athletes, at any level of performance (elite/non-elite), aged 15–65 years.Results48 studies (n=19 390 athletes) were included in the study. Risk factors associated with ARill/ARinf were: increased training monotony, endurance training programmes, lack of tapering, training during winter or at altitude, international travel and vitamin D deficits. Low tear-(SIgA) and salivary-(IgA) were immune biomarkers associated with ARill/ARinf.ConclusionsModifiable training and environmental risk factors could be considered by sports coaches and athletes to reduce the risk of ARill/ARinf. Clinicians working with athletes can consider assessing and treating specific nutritional deficiencies such as vitamin D. More research regarding the role and clinical application of measuring immune biomarkers in athletes at high risk of ARill/ARinf is warranted.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020160928.

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“…Oral commensal microorganism has a central role in the homeostasis of airway mucosa and programming of the immune system ( Harald et al, 2012 ). The said respiratory microbiota is sensitive to multiple factors, such as lifestyle, aging, environment, and disease ( Mikari et al, 2018 ; Hongcheng et al, 2020 ). A cohort study has demonstrated that nasopharyngeal microecological imbalance was caused by trans-colonization of oral microbiota, leading to upper respiratory tract infections ( Wing et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oropharyngeal Probiotic ENT-K12 Prevents Respiratory Tract Infections Among Frontline Medical Staff Fighting Against COVID-19: A Pilot Study

Wang

Lin

Xiang

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Healthcare workers at the frontline are facing a substantial risk of respiratory tract infection during the COVID-19 outbreak due to an extremely stressful work schedule and public health event. A well-established first-line defense on oropharyngeal microbiome could be a promising strategy to protect individuals from respiratory tract infections including COVID-19. The most thoroughly studied oropharyngeal probiotic product which creates a stable upper respiratory tract microbiota capable of preventing upper respiratory tract infections was chosen to evaluate the safety and efficacy on reducing episodes of upper respiratory tract infections for COVID-19 healthcare workers. To our knowledge to date, this is the very first study describing the beneficial effects of oropharyngeal probiotic been administered by healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this randomized controlled trial, we provided the probiotics to frontline medical staff who work in the hospitals in Wuhan and had been in close contact with hospitalized COVID-19 patients for prophylactic use on a daily basis. Our finding suggests that oropharyngeal probiotic administration significantly reduced the incidence of respiratory tract infections by 64.8%, reduced the time experiencing respiratory tract infections and oral ulcer symptoms by 78%, shortened the days absent from work by 95.5%, and reduced the time under medication where there is no record of antibiotic and anti-viral drug intake in the probiotic group. Furthermore, medical staff treated with Bactoblis experienced sustained protection from respiratory tract infections since the 10th day of oropharyngeal probiotic administration resulting in an extremely low incidence rate of respiratory tract infections.

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Alternation of nasopharyngeal microbiota in healthy youth is associated with environmental factors: implication for respiratory diseases

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

The upper respiratory tract microbiota of healthy adults is affected by Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage, smoking habits, and contact with children

The upper respiratory tract microbiota of healthy adults is affected by Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage, smoking habits, and contact with children

Risk factors associated with acute respiratory illnesses in athletes: a systematic review by a subgroup of the IOC consensus on ‘acute respiratory illness in the athlete’

Oropharyngeal Probiotic ENT-K12 Prevents Respiratory Tract Infections Among Frontline Medical Staff Fighting Against COVID-19: A Pilot Study

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