Alternating current polarography in the harmonic multiplex mode.  Use of digital signal conditioning with the Fast Fourier Transform algorithm

Glover, Donald E.; Smith, Donald E.

doi:10.1021/ac60333a012

Cited by 36 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In this regard, it is of significance to recognize that modern instrumentation makes possible simultaneous measurement of the dc and ac (fundamental and second harmonic) responses (28, [31][32][33]. Thus, access to both dc and ac data can be considered the natural result of a single experimental run.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fundamental and second harmonic alternating current cyclic voltammetric theory and experimental results for simple electrode reactions involving solution-soluble redox couples

Bond¹,

O'Halloran²,

Ružić³

et al. 1976

Anal. Chem.

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confidence: 99%

“…(-) = reverse (anodic) scan. Alternating current units = (( )/ 2 2 (2 00)1/2 C'o (normalized total fundamental harmonic faradaic current; planar diffusion) cess at the potential where ae-i -0 = 0(33)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental and second harmonic alternating current cyclic voltammetric theory and experimental results for simple electrode reactions involving solution-soluble redox couples

Bond¹,

O'Halloran²,

Ružić³

et al. 1976

Anal. Chem.

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“…Instrumentation. Some of the data presented here were obtained using ac polarography in the harmonic multiplex mode (19,20). The instrument employed for this purpose featured on-line a AE and f represent applied ac potential amplitude and frequency, respectively.6 DC polarographic Eri 2-value = 0.3328 ± 0.0008 volt vs. SCE (5 replicate measurements). '…”

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confidence: 99%

“…computerized digital data acquisition and digital Fourier transform analysis of the waveform components to obtain simultaneously the dc, fundamental harmonic, and second harmonic polarographic responses. Full details of this instrument and attendant data processing procedures have been published (20). Data furnished by this digital approach were obtained by ensemble averaging the responses from three replicate measurements at each dc potential and subsequently applying the Fourier transform smoothing technique (36) to the resultant polarograms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Direct measurement of Er1/2 with reversible and EC [electrochemical] electrode processes by second harmonic alternating current polarography and voltammetry

Bond¹,

Smith²

1974

Anal. Chem.

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“…De Levie used digital smoothing on the numerical differentiation of electrochemical interfacial tension data . The application of fast Fourier transform (FFT) to polarography was reported, and Smith et al proposed digital smoothing to improve peak potential detection. Their method discriminates against low-frequency noise or “drift” and yields more accurate peak currents in cyclic voltammetry (CV). , Wipf et al used digital filtering to improve the S/N ratio on fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) with a trapezoidal filter .…”

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Digital Processing for Single Nanoparticle Electrochemical Transient Measurements

Gutiérrez-Portocarrero

Sauer

Karunathilake

et al. 2020

Anal. Chem.

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We demonstrate the use of digital frequency analysis in single nanoparticle electrochemical detection. The method uses fast Fourier transforms (FFT) of single entity electrochemical transients and digital filters. These filters effectively remove noise with the Butterworth filter preserving the amplitude of the fundamental processes in comparison with the rectangle filter. Filtering was done in three different types of experiments: single nanoparticle electrocatalytic amplification, photocatalytic amplification, and nanoimpacts of single entities. In the individual nanoparticle stepwise transients, low-pass filters maintain the step height. Furthermore, a Butterworth band-stop filter preserves the peak height in blip transients if the band-stop cutoff frequencies are compatible with the nanoparticle/electrode transient interactions. In hydrazine oxidation by single Au nanoparticles, digital filtering does not complicate the analysis of the step signal because the stepwise change of the particle-by-particle current is preserved with the rectangle, Bessel and Butterworth low pass filters, with the later minimizing time shifts. In the photocurrent single entity transients, we demonstrate resolving a step smaller than the noise. In photoelectrochemical setups, the background processes are stochastic and appear at distinct frequencies that do not necessarily correlate with the detection frequency (f p ), of TiO 2 nanoparticles. This lack of correlation indicates that background signals have their characteristic frequencies and that it is advantageous to perform filtering a posteriori. We also discuss selecting the filtering frequencies based on sampling rates and f p . In experiments electrolyzing ZnO, that model nanoimpacts, a band-stop filter can remove environmental noise within the sampling spectral region while preserving relevant information on the current transient. We discuss the limits of Bessel and Butterworth filters for resolving consecutive transients.

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Alternating current polarography in the harmonic multiplex mode. Use of digital signal conditioning with the Fast Fourier Transform algorithm

Cited by 36 publications

References 16 publications

Fundamental and second harmonic alternating current cyclic voltammetric theory and experimental results for simple electrode reactions involving solution-soluble redox couples

Fundamental and second harmonic alternating current cyclic voltammetric theory and experimental results for simple electrode reactions involving solution-soluble redox couples

Direct measurement of Er1/2 with reversible and EC [electrochemical] electrode processes by second harmonic alternating current polarography and voltammetry

Digital Processing for Single Nanoparticle Electrochemical Transient Measurements

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