Alternate host ranges of <i>Cronartium flaccidum</i> and <i>Cronartium ribicola</i> in northern Europe

Kaitera, Juha; Hiltunen, Ritva; Samils, Berit

doi:10.1139/b2012-039

Cited by 22 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…The inoculation result was also similar on T. majus (Tropaeolaceae) that supported both uredinia and telia formation. The former species has also been reported as a susceptible species earlier (Gäumann, ; Hylander et al., ) with uredinia formation in the inoculations (Kaitera & Hiltunen, ; Kaitera et al., , ), but telia were observed on this species for the first time in the present study. The two tested species of Nasa (Loasaceae) carried also uredinia and telia after inoculations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Both of the tested species of Orobanchaceae, E. stricta and B. alpina , supported uredinia and telia production of C. flaccidum . Both of the tested species (Kaitera & Hiltunen, ; Kaitera et al., ) as well as several other species of Euphrasia , Pedicularis , Rhinanthus and Castilleja have been reported to be susceptible to C. flaccidum (Gäumann, ; Kaitera & Hiltunen, , ; Kaitera et al., , ; Klebahn, ). This indicates the high susceptibility of hemiparasites to C. flaccidum .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leaves of 18 species from eight plant families were used in the experiment (Table ). The previously untested species belonged to Plantaginaceae, Loasaceae and Scrophulariaceae completing the species range in families that were already tested in previous studies (Kaitera & Hiltunen, ; Kaitera et al., , ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rust spreads via species of Grossulariaceae ( Ribes ) and Orobanchaceae ( Pedicularis, Castilleja ) in North America and Asia (Kim et al., ; La & Yi, ; McDonald, Richardson, Zambino, Klopfenstein, & Kim, ; Mulvey & Hansen, ; Yokota & Uozumi, ; Yokota, Uozumi, Endo, & Matsuzaki, ; Zambino, ; Zhang et al., ). In Finland, C. ribicola has been shown to infect Asclepias, Bartsia, Castilleja, Loasa, Mentzelia, Pedicularis, Ribes and Tropaeolum after artificial inoculations (Kaitera & Hiltunen, , ; Kaitera, Hiltunen, & Hantula, ; Kaitera, Hiltunen, & Samils, ; Kaitera & Nuorteva, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In northern Fennoscandia, significant damage has been reported on Pinus sylvestris L. (Samils, Ihrmark, Kaitera, Hansson, & Barklund, ; Wulff et al., ). Cronartium flaccidum is able to sporulate on alternate hosts in genera Apocynum, Asclepias, Bartsia, Castilleja, Euphrasia, Gentiana , Grammatocarpus, Hyoscyamus, Impatiens, Loasa (Nasa), Melampyrum , Myrica, Nemesia, Nicotiana, Paeonia , Pedicularis, Rhinanthus, Saxifraga, Schizanthus, Swertia, Tropaeolum,Verbascum, Verbena, Veronica and Vincetoxicum (Gäumann, ; Hylander, Jørstad, & Nannfeldt, ; Kaitera & Hiltunen, , ; Kaitera, Seitamäki, Hantula, Jalkanen, & Kurkela, ; Kaitera et al., , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nasa, Nemesia and Euphrasia: new alternate hosts of Cronartium spp.

2016

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Summary Susceptibility of 18 alternate host species to Cronartium flaccidum or C. ribicola was tested. Alive test plants were inoculated in the greenhouse and the formation of Cronartium uredinia and telia was followed on the plants for 8 weeks. Cronartium flaccidum formed uredinia and telia on Bartsia alpina and Euphrasia stricta (Orobanchaceae), Nasa triphylla and N. urens (Loasaceae), Nemesia floribunda (Scrophulariaceae), Tropaeolum majus (Tropaeolaceae), Veronica daurica (Plantaginaceae) and Vincetoxicum hirundinaria (Apocynaceae). Single uredinia or telia developed also on N. urens and E. stricta inoculated with C. ribicola. For the first time, Cronartium are reported to sporulate on members of Loasaceae and Scrophulariaceae, N. urens and N. floribunda.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nasa, Nemesia and Euphrasia: new alternate hosts of Cronartium spp.

2016

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Genetic evidence for sexual reproduction and multiple infections of Norway spruce cones by the rust fungus Thekopsora areolata

Capador

Samils

Kaitera

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Rust fungi are obligate parasites, of plants, with complex and in many cases poorly known life cycles which may include host alteration and up to five spore types with haploid, diploid, and dikaryotic nuclear stages. This study supports that Thekopasora areolata , the causal agent of cherry‐spruce rust in Norway spruce, is a macrocyclic heteroecious fungus with all five spore stages which uses two host plants Prunus padus and Picea abies to complete its life cycle. High genotypic diversity without population structure was found, which suggests predominantly sexual reproduction, random mating and a high gene flow within and between the populations in Fennoscandia. There was no evidence for an autoecious life cycle resulting from aeciospore infection of pistillate cones that would explain the previously reported rust epidemics without the alternate host. However, within cones and scales identical multilocus genotypes were repeatedly sampled which can be explained by vegetative growth of the fertilized mycelia or repeated mating of mycelium by spermatia of the same genotype. The high genotypic diversity within cones and haplotype inference show that each pistillate cone is infected by several basidiospores. This study provides genetic evidence for high gene flow, sexual reproduction, and multiple infections of Norway spruce cone by the rust fungus T. areolata which expands the general understanding of the biology of rust fungi.

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