Alternate Day Fasting Improves Physiological and Molecular Markers of Aging in Healthy, Non-obese Humans

Stekovic, Slaven; Hofer, Sebastian J.; Tripolt, Norbert J.; Aon, Miguel A.; Royer, P; Pein, Lukas; Stadler, Julia T.; Pendl, Tobias; Prietl, Barbara; Url, Jasmin; Schroeder, Sabrina; Tadić, Jelena; Eisenberg, Tobias; Magnes, Christoph; Stumpe, Michael; Zuegner, Elmar; Bordag, Natalie; Riedl, Regina; Schmidt, Albrecht; Kolesnik, Ewald; Verheyen, Nicolas; Springer, Anna; Madl, Tobias; Sinner, Frank; Cabo, Rafael de; Kroemer, Guido; Obermayer–Pietsch, Barbara; Dengjel, Jörn; Sourij, Harald; Pieber, Thomas R.; Madeo, Frank

doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.016

Cited by 299 publications

(302 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…The survey exposed that food intake was the key course of weight change, increasing food intake may resulting weight gain, and decreasing food intake may leading to weight loss, which coincided with the current clinical research on reducing food intake through alternate fasting to achieve weight loss (19,20). Ideal and satisfaction of weight, daily steps and BMI changes of participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Risk Factors Related to Weight Gain for Chines During Home Confinement in COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observational Retrospective Study

Qing

Gong

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objective: The observational study was intended to explore the weight changes and risk factors of weight gain during the self-quarantine and find available methods to lose weight.Method: This was an online retrospective observational study investigating the weight changes before and after home confinement. A total of 530 participants completed the online questionnaire. diet, sleep, self-reported depression, disease history and exercise information possibly relating to weight changes were incorporated into the questionnaire. The differences among four groups (underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity) in BMI change and weight change were compared, and the risk factors of weight gain was also analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. Result: Participants were mostly between 21-50 years old, getting an average weight change of 0.82±3.31kg, and an average BMI change of 0.35 [-0.37, 1.00]. 43.77% of them gained weight by 2.99±2.29kg averagely. People with normal weight were easier to gain weight than obese group (p=0.001). There were differences in food intake (p<0.001), eating habits(p<0.001), taste preference (p=0.047), daily exercise step change(p=0.007), exercise (p=0.02) between non-weight gain group and weight gain group. The multiple linear regression revealed that weight gains were associated with sex (p=0.002), food intake (p=0.004), current daily exercise step (p=0.009) and self-reported depression (p=0.002) and weight loss was related to food intake (p=0.004) and pre-BMI (p=0.001).Conclusion: Eating irregularly, increasing food intake, self-reported depression and decreased daily steps were risk factors of weight gain, yet weight loss was related to decreased food intake and pre-BMI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Risk Factors Related to Weight Gain for Chines During Home Confinement in COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observational Retrospective Study

Qing

Gong

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The health benefits of intermittent fasting on aging, antioxidant stress, metabolism and cardiovascular disease have been demonstrated in human and animal studies [18,[24][25][26][27], but its effect on gut microbiota remains largely unclear. In our study, we found 30 days of daily fasting (16 h fasting) led to significantly increased level of Akkermansia and deceased level of Alistipes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of daily fasting hours on shaping gut microbiota in mice

Li¹,

Su²,

Li³

et al. 2020

BMC Microbiol

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Background: It has recently been reported that intermittent fasting shapes the gut microbiota to benefit health, but this effect may be influenced to the exact fasting protocols. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of different daily fasting hours on shaping the gut microbiota in mice. Healthy C57BL/6 J male mice were subjected to 12, 16 or 20 h fasting per day for 1 month, and then fed ad libitum for an extended month. Gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing and food intake was recorded as well.Results: We found that cumulative food intake was not changed in the group with 12 h daily fasting, but significantly decreased in the 16 and 20 h fasting groups. The composition of gut microbiota was altered by all these types of intermittent fasting. At genus level, 16 h fasting led to increased level of Akkermansia and decreased level of Alistipes, but these effects disappeared after the cessation of fasting. No taxonomic differences were identified in the other two groups. Conclusions: These data indicated that intermittent fasting shapes gut microbiota in healthy mice, and the length of daily fasting interval may influence the outcome of intermittent fasting.

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“…Strategies to combat metabolic inflammation associated with alterations in the gut microbiome may include time-restricted feeding [105], diets rich in fibers [106] and restricted in carbohydrates [107,108], and further n-3 PUFA supplementation [109]. In addition, kynurenic acid, a downstream metabolite of the kynurenine pathway that is activated by exercise training, has been shown to promote the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory immune responses in adipose tissue [110].…”

Section: Gut Microbiota and Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity and Diet Shape the Immune System during Aging

2020

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With increasing age, the immune system undergoes a remodeling process, termed immunosenescence, which is accompanied by considerable shifts in leukocyte subpopulations and a decline in various immune cell functions. Clinically, immunosenescence is characterized by increased susceptibility to infections, a more frequent reactivation of latent viruses, decreased vaccine efficacy, and an increased prevalence of autoimmunity and cancer. Physiologically, the immune system has some adaptive strategies to cope with aging, while in some settings, maladaptive responses aggravate the speed of aging and morbidity. While a lack of physical activity, decreased muscle mass, and poor nutritional status facilitate immunosenescence and inflammaging, lifestyle factors such as exercise and dietary habits affect immune aging positively. This review will discuss the relevance and mechanisms of immunoprotection through physical activity and specific exercise interventions. In the second part, we will focus on the effect of dietary interventions through the supplementation of the essential amino acid tryptophan, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and probiotics (with a special focus on the kynurenine pathway).

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Alternate Day Fasting Improves Physiological and Molecular Markers of Aging in Healthy, Non-obese Humans

Cited by 299 publications

References 67 publications

Risk Factors Related to Weight Gain for Chines During Home Confinement in COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observational Retrospective Study

Risk Factors Related to Weight Gain for Chines During Home Confinement in COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observational Retrospective Study

The effects of daily fasting hours on shaping gut microbiota in mice

Physical Activity and Diet Shape the Immune System during Aging

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