Alternaria Toxins and Their Importance in Food

King, Arthur S.; Schade, John E.

doi:10.4315/0362-028x-47.11.886

Cited by 78 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Although a large number of studies have been done on AOH, AME, TA and other Alternaria metabolites [King and Schade, 1984;Torres et al, 1993;Chulze et al, 1995], this is one of the first reports on the stability of the toxins in this oil seed. Only one study was reported on the incidence of AOH, AME, ATX-I and TA in wheat flour stored during 28 days at 20°C; a reduction of 30-40% of the metabolites was obtained [Stinson and Heisler, 1981].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Alternaria and its mycotoxins during ensiling of sunflower seeds

et al. 2006

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Alternaria and its mycotoxins during ensiling of sunflower seeds

et al. 2006

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“…Tenuazonic acid (TeA), alternariol (AOH), alternariol methyl ether (AME) and altertoxin-I (ATX-I) are the main Alternaria mycotoxins that can be found as contaminants of food commodities. They are produced by A. alternata which is considered the most common of the Alternaria species and perhaps the most cosmopolitan fungus (King & Schade 1984, Montemurro & Visconti 1992, Scheffer 1992, Bottalico & Logrieco 1998.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxigenic profile ofAlternaria alternataandAlternaria radicinaoccurring on umbelliferous plants

Solfrizzo

Girolamo

Vitti

et al. 2005

Food Additives and Contaminants

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Alternaria alternata and Alternaria radicina are fungal species that occur in several food crops and may produce mycotoxins and phytotoxins. The toxigenic profile of A. alternata and A. radicina isolated from carrot and other umbelliferous plants was determined by growing the fungus on rice and carrot discs. Most of the tested isolates of A. alternata produced the mycotoxins tenuazonic acid, alternariol, alternariol methyl ether and altertoxin-I on rice. Only alternariol and alternariol methyl ether were produced on carrot discs. When cultured on rice, none of the isolates of A. alternata from umbelliferous plants produced AAL toxins and fumonisins. AAL toxins, but not fumonisins, were instead produced by A. alternata f. sp. lycopersici isolate NRRL 18822 isolated from tomato. A. radicina produced the phytotoxic compounds radicinin, epi-radicinol and radicinol on carrot discs, whereas it produced radicinin and radicinol on rice. Although A. alternata has been frequently found in organic carrots, none of the above mycotoxins was detected in carrot roots or in carrot commercial products. The reduction of alternariol and alternariol methyl ether during carrot juice processing at laboratory scale was estimated to be >98%. Based on these findings and previous reports, it can be concluded that Alternaria mycotoxins in carrots do not represent a hazard for consumers.

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“…The ingestion of mycotoxins, by man or animals, gives rise to disease conditions, broadly referred to as mycotoxicoses. Moulds belonging to the genus Alternaria reportedly produce over 40 mycotoxins (King & Schade, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The synthesis of tenuazonic acid o‐carboxymethyl oxime and its conjugation to macromolecules

John

Coker

Blunden

et al. 1991

Food and Agricultural Immunology

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The o-carboxymethyl oxime derivative of the mycotoxin and phytotoxin, tenuazonic acid, has been synthesized and characterized by 1 H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The derivative contains a carboxylic acid moiety which has been conjugated to bovine serum albumin and a modified bovine serum albumin, using the mixed anhydride method, in toxin-to-protein ratios of 15:1 and 30:1 respectively. Isoelectric focusing was used to demonstrate that the conjugation process had been successfully achieved. The two conjugates appear to be suitable for the preparation of either polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies to tenuazonic acid for use in the development of immunoassays for this toxin.

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Alternaria Toxins and Their Importance in Food

Cited by 78 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of Alternaria and its mycotoxins during ensiling of sunflower seeds

Evaluation of Alternaria and its mycotoxins during ensiling of sunflower seeds

Toxigenic profile ofAlternaria alternataandAlternaria radicinaoccurring on umbelliferous plants

The synthesis of tenuazonic acid o‐carboxymethyl oxime and its conjugation to macromolecules

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