Alternaria species associated to wheat black point identified through a multilocus sequence approach

Somma, Stefania; Amatulli, M. T.; Masiello, Mario; Moretti, Antonio; Logrieco, Antonio F.

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.01.001

Cited by 54 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The morphological identification of Alternaria population carried out in the present study, performed according to Simmons [21], lead to assign all the strains to four main Alternaria species: A. tenuissima, A. alternata, A. arborescens and A. infectoria. These species are widely reported as the most occurring Alternaria species on wheat [8,12,14]. However, for a more accurate identification, we carried out a poly-phasic approach, using also molecular and chemical techniques [38,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, molecular studies revealed multiple non-monophyletic species within Alternaria complex and Alternaria species clades which do not always correlate to a species-group based upon morphological characteristics [7,14,[40][41][42][43][44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fragments of three informative genes, alt-a1, gpd and tef, were selected for multi-locus sequence analysis of Alternaria strains and amplified with the following primer pairs: alt-for/alt-rev [41], gpd1/gpd2 [53], Alt-tef1/Alt-tef2 [14], according to PCR conditions as reported in Ramires et al [7].…”

Section: Molecular Characterization Of Alternaria Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main Alternaria species reported as associated with black point disease are A. alternata, A. tenuissima, A. arborescens, A. infectoria [4,7,[12][13][14]. Moreover, at a lower frequency, minor Alternaria species belonging to Infectoriae [15,16] and Pseudoalternaria sections [17] were also detected on wheat [7,18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Identification and Mycotoxin Production by Alternaria Species Occurring on Durum Wheat, Showing Black Point Symptoms

Masiello

Somma

Susca

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Black point is a fungal disease of wheat, mainly associated with mycotoxigenic Alternaria species. Affected wheat kernels are characterized by dark brown discolouration of the embryo region and reduction of grain quality. Potential risk is the possible accumulation of Alternaria mycotoxins, alternariol (AOH), alternariol-monomethyl ether (AME), tenuazonic acid (TA), and altenuene (ALT), provided by haemato-toxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic activities. One hundred and twenty durum wheat samples belonging to 30 different genotypes grown in Bologna and Modena areas, in Italy, showing black point symptoms, were analyzed for Alternaria species and their mycotoxin contamination. Alternariol was selected as an indicator of the capability of the Alternaria species to produce mycotoxin in vivo in field conditions. The data showed that Alternaria species occurred in 118 out of 120 wheat kernels samples, with the incidence of infected kernels ranging between 1% and 26%. Moreover, AOH was detected by using a HPLC with a diode array detector (LC-DAD) in 98 out of 120 samples with values ranging between 24 and 262 µg Kg−1. Ninety-two Alternaria representative strains, previously identified morphologically, were identified at species/section level using gene sequencing, and therefore were analyzed for their mycotoxin profiles. Eighty-four strains, phylogenetically grouped in the Alternaria section, produced AOH, AME, and TA with values up to 8064, 14,341, and 3683 µg g−1, respectively, analyzed by using a LC-DAD. On the other hand, eight Alternaria strains, included in Infectoriae Section, showed a very low or no capability to produce mycotoxins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Characterization Of Alternaria Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Molecular Identification and Mycotoxin Production by Alternaria Species Occurring on Durum Wheat, Showing Black Point Symptoms

Masiello

Somma

Susca

et al. 2020

Toxins

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“…DNA topoisomerases are mainly required for rejoining of the phosphodiester bonds of DNA strands during the final stages of DNA replication. Somma et al [51] reported that AOH establishes stabilized covalent topoisomerase-DNA intermediates, besides inhibiting its catalytic activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes of Gallic Acid on Alternariol Induced Cyto-Morphic and Genotoxic In Vivo Changes in Parotid Gland: 4-HNE Incorporated

2019

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Alternaria toxins are emerging mycotoxins that gained considerable interest with increasing evidence of their existence and toxicological properties. There is limited research and insufficient data about their in vivo hazardous effects. We designed this study to evaluate histopathological and genotoxic in vivo impacts of alternariol (AOH) on the parotid gland as well as to assess the competency of gallic acid (GA) in reversing these effects. Forty healthy adult male Wister rats were utilized and assigned equally on control, GA, alternariol and AOH+ gallic treated groups. Parotid gland samples from experimental groups were collected and then examined for histopathological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical examination for 4-hydroxynonenal “4-HNE as lipid peroxidation marker” as well as Comet assay for DNA damage. Additionally, parotid tissue homogenates were tested for catalase “CAT”, superoxide dismutase “SOD” and malondialdehyde “MDA” levels. Our data proved that alternariol produced various histopathological and ultrastructural alterations of parotid acini as well as significant DNA damage, significant reduction of CAT and SOD enzymatic activity and significant boosting of 4-HNE immunohistochemical expression and MDA levels as compared to control group. On the other hand, gallic acid administration almost restored histological and ultrastructural parotid architecture, 4-HNE immune-expression and biochemical levels. Ultimately, we demonstrated alternariol-induced histopathological and genotoxic alterations on parotid gland as well as the competency of gallic acid in reversing these effects.

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Different diagnostic approaches for the characterization of the fungal community and Fusarium species complex composition of Italian durum wheat grain and correlation with secondary metabolite accumulation

et al. 2023

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BACKGROUND The evolution of the fungal communities associated with durum wheat was assessed using different diagnostic approaches. Durum wheat grain samples were collected in three different Italian cultivation macro‐areas (north, center and south). Fungal isolation was realized by potato dextrose agar (PDA) and by deep‐freezing blotter (DFB). Identification of Fusarium isolates obtained from PDA was achieved by partial tef1α sequencing (PDA + tef1α), while those obtained from DFB were identified from their morphological characteristics (DFB + mc). The fungal biomass of eight Fusarium species was quantified in grains by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Fungal secondary metabolites were analyzed in grains by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Correlations between Fusarium detection techniques (PDA + tef1α; DFB + mc and qPCR) and mycotoxins in grains were assessed. RESULTS Alternaria and Fusarium showed the highest incidence among the fungal genera developed from grains. Within the Fusarium community, PDA + tef1α highlighted that F. avenaceum and F. graminearum were the most represented members, while, DFB + mc detected a high presence of F. proliferatum. Alternaria and Fusarium mycotoxins, principally enniatins, were particularly present in the grain harvested in central Italy. Deoxynivalenol was mainly detected in northern‐central Italy. CONCLUSIONS The adoption of the different diagnostic techniques of Fusarium detection highlighted that, for some species, qPCR was the best method of predicting their mycotoxin contamination in grains. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Alternaria species associated to wheat black point identified through a multilocus sequence approach

Cited by 54 publications

References 51 publications

Molecular Identification and Mycotoxin Production by Alternaria Species Occurring on Durum Wheat, Showing Black Point Symptoms

Molecular Identification and Mycotoxin Production by Alternaria Species Occurring on Durum Wheat, Showing Black Point Symptoms

Outcomes of Gallic Acid on Alternariol Induced Cyto-Morphic and Genotoxic In Vivo Changes in Parotid Gland: 4-HNE Incorporated

Different diagnostic approaches for the characterization of the fungal community and Fusarium species complex composition of Italian durum wheat grain and correlation with secondary metabolite accumulation

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