Altering Trends in the Epidemiology of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents

Efstathiou, Elisavet; Skordis, Nicos

doi:10.5772/22036

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The etiology of this autoimmune disease is still unknown. Combinations of genetic, socioeconomic, and environmental triggers have been identified [1][2][3][4][5][6]. T1DM is characterized by the destruction of pancreatic cells and a lifelong dependency on exogenous insulin [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis of New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents in Different Countries Correlates with Human Development Index (HDI): An Updated Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression

et al. 2018

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is usually diagnosed by insulin deficiency at a young age. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) represents a severe complication occurring before the first diagnosis of T1DM. Actually, the data situation is still unsettled in assessing the current state of diagnosis. This study summarizes the latest rates of DKA of new-onset T1DM in children and adolescents in different countries available over the last five years. Different T1DM-related, geographical and socioeconomic moderators are suitable to explain the heterogeneity of observed DKA rates. A systematic literature search using PubMed, EMBASE*, and MedLine* (*via OVID) was conducted to extract worldwide DKA rates covering publications from April 2011 to May 2016. We define DKA consistently by pH<7.3 or bicarbonate<15 mmol/l. We identified 34 suitable studies covering DKA rates in 25 countries. Overall DKA rates were compared to earlier studies to identify a temporal trend. We further applied a random effects meta-analysis and used meta-regression to reveal moderators of DKA rate heterogeneity. This review evaluating 34 studies includes 47 000 children and adolescents in total. DKA rates varied from 14.7% (Denmark) to 79.8% (Saudi Arabia). DKA rates are still high but a decline can also be recognized. The meta-regression shows that latitude (p<0.000) and human development index (HDI) (p<0.000) are moderators of DKA rates. The frequency of DKA rates occurrence varies widely for different countries. Both latitude and HDI partially explain the observed heterogeneity, while other moderators such as density of physicians showed no obvious correlation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis of New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents in Different Countries Correlates with Human Development Index (HDI): An Updated Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression

et al. 2018

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“…In a recent data analysis, more males were found to develop T1DM at younger ages, while females predominated during the peripubertal period (29). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although boys and girls in general have a similar risk of T1DM under age 15 ( 27 ), some reports from Europe suggest a female predominance in lower-risk populations and slight male excess in the high-risk groups ( 28 ). In a recent data analysis, more males were found to develop T1DM at younger ages, while females predominated during the peripubertal period ( 29 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Nile Delta, Northern Egypt - A Retrospective Study

El-Ziny¹,

Salem²,

El-Hawary³

et al. 2014

Jcrpe

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Objective: The geographical incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) varies widely worldwide. Both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated, although environmental factors are still speculative and elusive. More epidemiological studies are needed to uncover such factors. To date, there are no reported studies on the epidemiology of childhood T1DM in Nile Delta, Egypt. We aimed to define the incidence, prevalence and demographic characteristics of T1DM in children (0-18 years) living in the Nile Delta region, one of the most densely populated areas in Egypt.Methods: The study included all T1DM patients aged 0-18 years who lived in the Nile Delta region of Egypt and who were either diagnosed at or referred to Mansoura University Children’s Hospital (MUCH) between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 2011. The hospital files of the patients were reviewed. General population data on the 0-18 year age group in the Nile Delta governorates were also presented.Results: From a total of 1600 T1DM patients, 891 (55.7%) were females (p=0.000) and 935 (58.4%) were from rural areas (p=0.000). Calculated age-adjusted incidence of T1DM in 1996, 2006 and 2011 were 0.7, 2.0 and 3.1/105/year, respectively, while calculated age-adjusted prevalence of T1DM in the same years were 1.9, 15.5 and 26.8/105/year, respectively. Patients presented most frequently in the 5-10 year age group (p<0.000) and in winter months (p=0.009).Conclusion: In this first childhood T1DM epidemiology study in the Nile Delta region of Egypt, T1DM incidence and prevalence were found to show an increase over the past 18 years (1994-2011). Incidence and prevalence were higher in females and more cases were found to originate from rural areas.

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Incidence and prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents aged 6 months19 years in Khartoum State, Sudan

et al. 2020

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Altering Trends in the Epidemiology of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents

Cited by 3 publications

References 65 publications

Incidence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis of New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents in Different Countries Correlates with Human Development Index (HDI): An Updated Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression

Incidence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis of New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents in Different Countries Correlates with Human Development Index (HDI): An Updated Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression

Epidemiology of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Nile Delta, Northern Egypt - A Retrospective Study

Incidence and prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents aged 6 months19 years in Khartoum State, Sudan

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Altering Trends in the Epidemiology of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents

Cited by 3 publications

References 65 publications

Incidence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis of New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents in Different Countries Correlates with Human Development Index (HDI): An Updated Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression

Incidence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis of New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents in Different Countries Correlates with Human Development Index (HDI): An Updated Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression

Epidemiology of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Nile Delta, Northern Egypt - A Retrospective Study

Incidence and prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents aged 6 months19 years in Khartoum State, Sudan

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Incidence and prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents aged 6 months19 years in Khartoum State, Sudan