Altering the Foundations of Support for the President Through Priming

Abstract

Recibido: 1 de noviembre de 2015 Aceptado: 16 de febrero de 2016 Resumen La comunicación de crisis es un apartado que cuenta con bastante literatura al respecto. Existen nume rosos manuales en los que se desgranan las principales indicaciones para afrontar con garantías crisis de comunicación (Alcat, 2005, Benoit, 1997 así como artículos sobre casos concretos (Nespereira, 2014, Blaney y Benoit 2001. Sin embargo, la mayor parte de las veces estas indicaciones se aplican al ámbito de la empresa (Abeler, 2010) y el número de publicaciones disminuye considerablemente a la hora de tra tar la comunicación de crisis en política (Gaspar e Ibeas, 2015) y menos aún sobre casos en los que se ha empleado el perdón como herramienta para la restauración de la imagen en política (Harris 2006) y todo pese a los que tal y como consideran diversos autores (Krauze, 1998) podría considerarse que vivi mos en la "era del perdón" con una proliferación de demandas de perdón por parte de los ciudadanos par ticularmente hacia los políticos (Harris et al. 2006:716). Así trataremos de hacer una aproximación a este campo y a sus posibilidades a la hora de afrontar este tipo de situaciones. Palabras clave: Perdón, comunicación de crisis, comunicación política. Crisis communication in politics: forgiveness as image restoration tool AbstractCrisis communication is a widely treated field. There are lot of works and guides which provide helpful information in order to face crisis situations successfully (Alcat, 2005, Benoit, 1997 and articles about case studies (Nespereira, 2014, Blaney y Benoit 2001. Nonetheless, most of times, these guides are fo cused on business or corporations (Abeler, 2010) and there are not such information about crisis com munications in politics (Gaspar e Ibeas, 2015). The field is smaller if we speak about forgiveness as restoration image tool in politics (Harris 2006). Despite all, we live in "forgiveness era" as Krauze said (1998) where people demand to politicians to apologize when they have mistakes (Harris et al. 2006:716). So, we will try to make an approach to forgiveness in politics as a image restoration tool and analyze its capabilities in order to face crisis management.

Conditional Punishment: A Comparative Analysis of the Electoral Consequences of Welfare State Retrenchment in OECD Nations, 1980–2003

“…Priming theory states that voters evaluate parties/ candidates only on those issues which are on the 'top of their mind' at the precise moment of the decision. Party/candidate evaluation then is not the result of a complete information and integration process across all policy fields (Iyengar and Kinder 1987;Krosnick and Brannon 1993;Krosnick and Kinder 1990). This means that if the attention of voters is not drawn to social security, or if there are other issues that trump welfare state concerns, welfare state reforms will not be taken into consideration for the actual vote decision, and consequently incremental retrenchment will not lead to loss of votes.…”

Issue news and electoral volatility

“…The effects on the public of the issue agenda in the media have become a central theme in media effects research, due to exciting research results with respect to agenda setting (McCombs & Shaw 1972;Rogers & Dearing 1988;Kosicki 1993) and priming (Iyengar & Kinder 1987;Krosnick & Kinder 1990). Agenda setting by the media entails that the media determine what issues voters think about, whereas priming entails that the issue addressed prominently in the latest prime time news shuts out any other criteria for evaluating parties and politicians which voters might have had.…”

After Obama

“…Defined this way, priming has received strong and consistent support, in experimental and observational studies alike (e.g. Iyengar and Kinder 1987;Krosnick and Kinder 1990;Mendelberg 2001;Valentino, Hutchings and White 2002;Lenz 2012).…”