Altered states of consciousness and hypnosis in the twenty-first century

Gruzelier, John

doi:10.1002/ch.14

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Hearing is said, can be made more acute in the trance of hypnosis, this is analogous to the siddhi of divine hearing. [11] Thus we see that there are indeed similarities in the phenomena of hypnosis with the siddhis described in the Patanjali yoga sutras.…”

Section: Analysis Of Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…[11] Some of these changes can be compared to the siddhis described in the Patanjali yoga sutras. Subjective time appears to move slowly and an hour may appear to have been only a few minutes.…”

Section: Analysis Of Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4] The hypnotic state has been described as one in which there is focused attention, concentration in which learning is maximized, alterations in self-awareness, a state of internally focused absorption and the suspension of normal reality testing, alterations in perceptions. [11–15]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical hypnosis and Patanjali yoga sutras

Chowdhary

Gopinath

2013

Indian J Psychiatry

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The trance states in yoga and hypnosis are associated with similar phenomena like relaxation, disinclination to talk, unreality, misrepresentation, alterations in perception, increased concentration, suspension of normal reality testing, and the temporary nature of the phenomena. While some researchers consider yoga to be a form of hypnosis, others note that there are many similarities between the trance in yoga and the hypnotic trance. The present study aimed to find similarities between the trance states of hypnosis and Patanjali's yoga sutras. The trance states were compared with the understanding of the phenomena of trance, and the therapeutic techniques and benefits of both. An understanding of the concept of trance in Patanjali's yoga sutras was gained through a thematic analysis of the book Four Chapters on Freedom by Swami Satyananda Saraswati. This led to an understanding of the concept of trance in the yoga sutras. The obtained concepts were compared to the concepts of trance in hypnosis (obtained through the literature on hypnosis) to investigate whether or not there exist similarities. The findings of the study show that there are similarities between the trance in hypnosis and the trance in Patanjali's yoga sutras in the induction and deepening of the trance states in hypnosis and that of Samadhi, the phenomena present in hypnosis and the kinds of siddhis that are obtained through Samadhi, and the therapeutic techniques and the therapeutic process in Patanjali's yoga sutra and hypnosis.

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Section: Analysis Of Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Analysis Of Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical hypnosis and Patanjali yoga sutras

Chowdhary

Gopinath

2013

Indian J Psychiatry

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“…(Kallio & Revonsuo, 2005, p. 51) After responding to the various commentaries (Gruzelier, 2005;Kihlstrom, 2005;Kirsch, 2005;Lynn, Fassler & Knox, 2005;Naish, 2005;Spiegel, 2005;Wagstaff & Cole, 2005;Woody & Sadler, 2005) on their first article (Kallio & Revonoso, 2003), Kallio and Revonsuo (2005) concluded their follow-up by advising: "[T]he concept of altered state of consciousness (ASC) still lacks a commonly accepted definition and is in need of further clarification" (p. 46). Hence, the nature of hypnotism and to what extent alterations in consciousness or "trance" effects contribute to the experience of hypnotism continues to remain an important point of contention.…”

Section: Hypnotism Trance and Hypnotic Depthmentioning

confidence: 98%

Trance State Effects and Imagery Vividness Before and During a Hypnotic Assessment:A Preliminary Study

Pekala

Maurer

Kumar

et al. 2010

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis

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This preliminary study explored the relationship between imagery vividness before and during a hypnotic phenomenological assessment procedure, the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory-Hypnotic Assessment Procedure (PCI-HAP), while also assessing trance (hypnoidal) state effects and several other variables. The PCI-HAP allows the assessment of trance state effects associated with hypnotism to be quantified and statistically assessed. The 102 subjects completed the PCI-HAP along with several other questionnaire items. Correlational and regression analyses suggested that imagery vividness during hypnotism (hypnotic imagoic suggestibility) was predicted by combined imagery vividness before hypnotism and trance (altered) state effects during hypnotism. When measuring several additional variables, imagery vividness during hypnotism was found to be a function of self-reported hypnotic depth and additional other variables. The usefulness of these results for better understanding imagery vividness before and during hypnotism is discussed.

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“…Por su parte, modelos recientes que explican la cognición y la conciencia como estados emergentes de múltiples y diversas regiones cerebrales funcionalmente coordinadas (Barutta et al 2010a;Edelman y Tononi, 2000) han estimulado la conceptualización de la hipnosis como un estado de conciencia. Esto es, un estado cerebral neurofisiológicamente específico y diferente de otros estados de conciencia tales como la vigilia o el sueño (Gruzelier, 2005;Pekala y Kumar, 2007). Sin embargo, esta perspectiva ha encontrado oposición en la idea de que la hipnosis no representaría un estado de conciencia, sino que correspondería a distintos cambios neurofisiológicos derivados de sugestiones particulares (Lynn, Kirsch y Hallquist, 2008).…”

Section: Dirección Para Correspondencia [Correspondence Address]unclassified

Neurobiología de la hipnosis y su contribución a la comprensión de la cognición y la conciencia.

et al. 2012

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Resumen: El creciente interés por el estudio científico de la conciencia y el actual desarrollo de herramientas de neuroimagen han permitido investigar los correlatos neurobiológicos de la hipnosis y validar su utilización en el estudio de fenómenos neurocognitivos normales y patológicos. Experimentalmente, se han comenzado a testear teorías que postulan que la hipnosis correspondería a un estado de conciencia neurofisiológicamente distintivo ('teorías del estado'), y teorías que postulan que la hipnosis sólo representaría diferente cambios neurofisiológicos asociados a sugestiones específicas, sin constituir un estado de conciencia ('teorías del no estado'). En este trabajo, se revisan críticamente ambas teorías, discutiendo sus características principales, describiendo la evidencia neurofisiológica asociada a cada teoría, y analizando el estado actual del debate entre ambas. Evidencia experimental creciente apoya la idea de que un estado de conciencia hipnótico involucraría principalmente regiones como la corteza cingulada anterior y la corteza frontal dorsolateral, así como un patrón de conectividad cortical funcional disminuido. Asimismo, se concluye que la sugestión hipnótica ha permitido comenzar a comprender diversos procesos neuropsicológicos normales y patológicos. Finalmente, se plantea que la evidencia neurofisiológicas actual todavía resulta insuficiente para resolver el debate entre teóricos del estado versus del no estado. Palabras clave: Correlatos cerebrales de la conciencia; Estados de conciencia; Hipnosis; Sugestión; Teorías de estado y no estado.Title: Neurobiology of hypnosis and its contribution to the understanding of cognition and consciousness. Abstract: The growing interest for the scientific study of consciousness and the current development of neuroimaging tools have allowed to investigate the neuronal correlates of hypnosis and to expand its scope to assess normal and pathological neurocognitive phenomena. At an empirical level, theories that postulate hypnosis as a neurophysiological distinctive state of consciousness ('state theories'), and theories that claim that hypnosis would just represent different neurophysiological changes associated to specific suggestions without no change in the state of consciousness ('non-state theories'); have both been assessed. In this work, these two theories are critically reviewed, their main features are discussed and their neurophysiological evidence is described. A growing body of evidence supports that a hypnotic state of consciousness involves mainly the anterior cingulated cortex and the dorsolateral frontal cortex; as well as a pattern of attenuated cortical functional connectivity. Also, we concluded that hypnotic suggestions have allowed a better comprehension of a diversity of normal and pathological neuropsychological processes. Finally, we stated that the neurophysiologic evidence until now is still insufficient to solve the debate between state and non-state theorists. Keywords: Cerebral correlates of consciousness; States of consciou...

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Altered states of consciousness and hypnosis in the twenty-first century

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

Clinical hypnosis and Patanjali yoga sutras

Clinical hypnosis and Patanjali yoga sutras

Trance State Effects and Imagery Vividness Before and During a Hypnotic Assessment:A Preliminary Study

Neurobiología de la hipnosis y su contribución a la comprensión de la cognición y la conciencia.

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