Altered postural reflexes in Parkinson's disease: A reverse hypothesis

Bloem, Bastiaan R.; Dijk, J. Gert van; Beckley, Dennis J.; Roos, Raymund A.C.; Remler, Michael P.; Bruyn, G.W.

doi:10.1016/0306-9877(92)90116-t

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These authors also identified additional factors as being dyskinesia, orthostatic hypotension, gait abnormalities, muscle weakness, and possible changes to sensory function. However, Bloem et al 44 did not systematically review the literature or critique the quality of referenced studies. Nutt et al 34 summarized similar findings and suggested that postural instability may be due to multiple and concurrent abnormalities in the mechanisms controlling posture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Factors contributing to postural instability in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease

Diab

Hale

Waters

et al. 2014

Physical Therapy Reviews

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Background: Postural instability is a cardinal sign of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) leading to increased fall risk; however, the exact reason for this instability is unclear.Objectives: This systematic review critically explored the relationships between factors contributing to or impacting on postural instability in people with IPD. Methods: Ten databases were searched for studies, with an experimental or observational design, which met the following criteria: (1) participants diagnosed with IPD; (2) included a measure or perturbation of postural stability or balance; and (3) investigated at least one factor contributing to or impacting on postural instability. The Generic Appraisal Tool for Epidemiology (GATE) checklist was used to rate the methodological quality of selected studies. Results: Fifty-seven studies were selected, of which 42 were rated to have moderate-to-high quality. Factors contributing to or impacting on postural instability were broadly categorized as: (1) sensory dysfunction (n512); (2) abnormal postural response patterns (n511); (3) bradykinesia (n52); (4) stiffness (n57); (5) cognitive function (n55); and miscellaneous factors (n55). From the studies rated as of high quality, five factors were identified to significantly impact on postural stability: sensory dysfunction, bradykinesia, abnormal postural response patterns, L-dopa induced dyskinesia, and hypotension (the latter two factors were categorized as 'miscellaneous'). Conclusions: Using a reductionist approach, this review identified five factors that appear to significantly impact on postural stability in IPD; however, this may be a simplistic summary and it is more likely that postural instability is a complex interplay of many factors. Further research is suggested to elucidate more fully the factors involved in postural instability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…34,44 Bloem et al 44 summarized factors contributing to postural stability in IPD as being disturbed postural reflexes and poor control of voluntary movement. These authors also identified additional factors as being dyskinesia, orthostatic hypotension, gait abnormalities, muscle weakness, and possible changes to sensory function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors contributing to postural instability in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease

Diab

Hale

Waters

et al. 2014

Physical Therapy Reviews

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“…The main causes for postural instability in patients with PD are altered postural reflexes and disturbed control of voluntary movements (Dick et al. , 1986; Bloem et al. , 1992; Pinter et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, 1992; Pinter et al. , 1999) both of which may partly be due to rigidity (Bloem et al. , 1992; Horak et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postural stability of Parkinson's disease patients is improved by decreasing rigidity

Bartolić

Pirtošek

Rozman³

et al. 2005

Euro J of Neurology

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Postural instability has a big impact on the quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) as it often leads to an insecure stance and fall. We investigated if postural stability in these patients improves by decreasing rigidity with a dopaminergic agonist. In our study, we tested eight PD patients with no concomitant diseases. Their age was 61 +/- 2 years (mean +/- SE) and their Hoehn-Yahr score was 3 +/- 0.1. The patients were evaluated according to the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale for motor function (mUPDRS) and with stabilometric measurements of forward-backward and side-to-side body oscillations during free stance with eyes open. Both evaluations were performed in an "off "state and in an apomorphine-induced "on" state. As expected, the mUPDRS score was significantly decreased in the "on" state with posture being improved in six patients, gait in eight patients and postural stability in seven of eight patients. In addition, apomorphine caused a significant reduction of the relative amplitude of lower frequencies and an increase of the relative amplitude of higher frequencies of forward-backward body oscillations. The results of stabilometry and mUPDRS evaluations are in agreement with the effect of apomorphine on rigidity, indicating that postural stability of PD patients is improved by decreasing rigidity.

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“…While soil moisture affects the movement of nutrients, especially those with a low diffusing capability, such as NH4 + , meanwhile drought decreased mineralization of organically bound nutrients (Bloem et al, 1992;Walworth, 1992), which may diminish nutrient availability at the root surface.…”

Section: ⅰ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhizae Effects on N Uptake and Assimilation Estimated by¹⁵N Tracing in White Clover under Water-Stressed Conditions

Zhang¹,

Park

Kim³

2011

Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science

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Altered postural reflexes in Parkinson's disease: A reverse hypothesis

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

Factors contributing to postural instability in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease

Factors contributing to postural instability in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease

Postural stability of Parkinson's disease patients is improved by decreasing rigidity

Mycorrhizae Effects on N Uptake and Assimilation Estimated by¹⁵N Tracing in White Clover under Water-Stressed Conditions

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Altered postural reflexes in Parkinson's disease: A reverse hypothesis

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

Factors contributing to postural instability in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease

Factors contributing to postural instability in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease

Postural stability of Parkinson's disease patients is improved by decreasing rigidity

Mycorrhizae Effects on N Uptake and Assimilation Estimated by15N Tracing in White Clover under Water-Stressed Conditions

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Product

Resources

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Mycorrhizae Effects on N Uptake and Assimilation Estimated by¹⁵N Tracing in White Clover under Water-Stressed Conditions