Altered Nuclear Distribution of Recombination Protein RAD51 in Maize Mutants Suggests the Involvement of RAD51 in Meiotic Homology Recognition

Pawlowski, Wojciech P.; Golubovskaya, Inna N.; Cande, W. Zacheus

doi:10.1105/tpc.012898

Cited by 107 publications

(106 citation statements)

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“…In maize and lily, RAD51 is localized to numerous loci at early zygotene and associated with pairing, then subsequently found at greatly reduced foci during pachytene (18,19). Furthermore, RAD51 foci are greatly reduced in many maize mutants that are defective in pairing (20). Our analysis of atrad51-1 strongly supports the conclusion drawn from these results that RAD51-mediated homology search is critical for pairing and synapsis in plants.…”

Section: Rad51 Is Not Necessary For Vegetative Development In Plantssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Therefore, other homologous recombination mechanisms might also function in somatic cells or in mitosis, or yet-uncharacterized protein(s) might substitute for RAD51 function. Furthermore, the finding that AtRAD51 is important for chromosome pairing and synapsis during meiosis supports the idea that AtRAD51-dependent homology search is important for pairing and synapsis, in addition to its role in meiotic recombination (20,21,50). Additional investigations are needed to understand the function of AtRAD51 and also its relationship between its paralogs, such as AtXRCC3 and AtDMC1, in pairing, synapsis, and recombination.…”

Section: Rad51 Is Not Necessary For Vegetative Development In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Furthermore, the RAD51 protein is localized to recombination foci along early meiotic chromosomes in yeast, maize, and mouse (16-19) and might be a component of early recombination nodules in lily (18). Detailed analysis of RAD51 foci localization during normal and mutant maize meiosis supports the idea that RAD51 is important for homologous chromosome pairing in addition to its role in recombination (20,21). These findings suggest that RAD51 operates in meiosis in a variety of organisms and plays important roles in multiple processes including homologous chromosome pairing and meiotic recombination.…”

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confidence: 77%

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The Arabidopsis AtRAD51 gene is dispensable for vegetative development but required for meiosis

Chen

Markmann-Mulisch

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

260

328

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The maintenance of genome integrity and the generation of biological diversity are important biological processes, and both involve homologous recombination. In yeast and animals, homologous recombination requires the function of the RAD51 recombinase. In vertebrates, RAD51 seems to have acquired additional functions in the maintenance of genome integrity, and rad51 mutations cause lethality, but it is not clear how widely these functions are conserved among eukaryotes. We report here a loss-of-function mutant in the Arabidopsis homolog of RAD51, AtRAD51. The atrad51-1 mutant exhibits normal vegetative and flower development and has no detectable abnormality in mitosis. Therefore, AtRAD51 is not necessary under normal conditions for genome integrity. In contrast, atrad51-1 is completely sterile and defective in male and female meioses. During mutant prophase I, chromosomes fail to synapse and become extensively fragmented. Chromosome fragmentation is suppressed by atspo11-1, indicating that AtRAD51 functions downstream of AtSPO11-1. Therefore, AtRAD51 likely plays a crucial role in the repair of DNA doublestranded breaks generated by AtSPO11-1. These results suggest that RAD51 function is essential for chromosome pairing and synapsis at early stages in meiosis in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, major aspects of meiotic recombination seem to be conserved between yeast and plants, especially the fact that chromosome pairing and synapsis depend on the function of SPO11 and RAD51.H omologous recombination and DNA-damage repair are fundamental biological processes found in all life forms. Homologous recombination plays a major role in both maintaining genome stability (DNA-damage repair) and the generation of genetic variability. Defects in DNA-damage repair generally lead to genome instability and are increasingly found to be associated with cancer in mammals. The active surveillance mechanisms that can recognize and precisely repair DNA damage to prevent the accumulation of errors are meanwhile thought to be intimately involved in the prevention of cancer and the delaying of aging (1, 2). Genes playing critical roles in homologous recombination are important for these processes.Homologous recombination has been intensively studied in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and a number of genes have been identified that function in this process. Some of these genes, including RAD51, were identified based on the hypersensitivity of their mutants to radiation (3). RAD51 and another yeast gene, DMC1, share significant sequence homology with the bacterial recA gene (4). Similar to the bacterial RecA protein, the yeast RAD51 protein acts in homology searching, DNA pairing, and strand exchange (5), activities important for both DNAdamage repair and meiosis. RAD51 homologs have been found in all eukaryotic organisms thus far and are well studied in the vertebrates human, mouse, and chicken. In contrast to yeast, the loss of RAD51 function is lethal in both chicken DT40 and mouse cells (4). These RAD51-deficient cells arrest dur...

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Section: Rad51 Is Not Necessary For Vegetative Development In Plantssupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Rad51 Is Not Necessary For Vegetative Development In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 70%

mentioning

confidence: 77%

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The Arabidopsis AtRAD51 gene is dispensable for vegetative development but required for meiosis

Chen

Markmann-Mulisch

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

260

328

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“…There are many lines of evidence indicating that early recombination intermediates are involved in the homology search [13,14]. In maize phs1 (poor homologous synapsis 1) meiocytes, loading of RAD51 complexes that catalyze the single-strand invasion step in recombination is greatly inhibited and results in synapsis among non-homologues [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OsAM1 is required for leptotene-zygotene transition in rice

et al. 2011

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The events occurring at the onset of meiosis have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, OsAM1 was identified in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by map-based cloning. OsAM1, a homolog of Arabidopsis SWI1 and maize AM1, encodes a protein with a coiled-coil domain in its central region. In the Osam1 mutant, pollen mother cells are arrested at leptotene, showing that OsAM1 is required for the leptotene-zygotene transition. Immunocytological analysis revealed that OsAM1 exists as foci in early prophase I meiocytes. Very faint OsREC8 foci persisted in the Osam1 mutant, indicating that OsAM1 is not required for the initial meiotic recruitment of OsREC8. In the absence of OsAM1, many other critical meiotic components, including PAIR2, ZEP1 and OsMER3, could not be correctly installed onto chromosomes. In contrast, in pair2, Osmer3 and zep1 mutants, OsAM1 could be loaded normally, suggesting that OsAM1 plays a fundamental role in building the proper chromosome structure at the beginning of meiosis.

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“…The NBS1 protein regulates MRE11 and attracts other proteins to the double-strand break. RAD51 and DMC1 associate with the single-stranded overhangs and facilitate the invasion of the complementary sequences on the homologous chromosome (12,13). The breaks are repaired to produce cross-overs between homologous pairs or gene conversions.…”

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confidence: 99%