Altered network efficiency in major depressive disorder

Abstract

BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with dysfunction between cognitive control and affective processing system. However, little is known about alterations of the nodal and edge efficiency in abnormal systems of MDD patients. We used two independent datasets and two different structural templates to investigate the alterations of the nodal and edge efficiency of whole-brain functional networks of MDD.MethodForty-two MDD and forty-two age, education-matched controls were selected to investigate network efficiency abnormalities of the MDD patients’ cortical and subcortical regions, as well as the disrupted functional connectivity between these regions, from the perspective of network topological architectures. In addition, another dataset, which included thirty MDD patients and thirty controls, was also investigated using the same method.ResultsResults showed that MDD group demonstrated significant increase in the local efficiency, although not change of global efficiency. In addition, nodal efficiency was found to increase in affective processing regions (i.e., amygdale, thalamus, hippocampus), but decrease in cognitive control related regions, which included dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex. The edge efficiency was found to increase, involving both connectivity between thalamus and limbic system regions and connectivity between hippocampus and regions (i.e., amygdala, thalamus). More important, result was replicated within independent datasets for the first and different structural templates for another.ConclusionsOur results indicated that MDD was associated with disrupted functional connectivity networks between cognitive control and affective processing systems. The findings might shed light on the pathological mechanism of depression and provide potential biomarkers for clinic treatment of depression.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12888-016-1053-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Neurobiological commonalities and distinctions among 3 major psychiatric disorders: a graph theoretical analysis of the structural connectome

“…In contrast, findings in MDD have been mixed. [26][27][28] For example, Korgaonkar and colleagues 26 examined the brain network in MDD compared with healthy controls using 2 methods: networkbased statistics and graph analysis. In their networkbased statistics analyses, they found abnormal ities mainly in the default mode network and in regions im portant for emotional and cognitive processing (including the thalamus, caudate and frontal cortex) in MDD.…”

“…24,25 However, network alterations are less clear in MDD. [26][27][28] A previous study found significant global and nodal topological alterations at an uncorrected threshold, but significance was lost with correction for multiple compar isons. 26 Neuroimaging studies have focused primarily on in dividual disorders, some comparing 2 disorders.…”

“…Second, the AAL we used is the most frequently used atlas, but others are available and may be more refined in localizing findings. 28 Also, probabilistic tractography may be better than determinis tic tractography in accounting for uncertainty in the data. 57,58 Further studies should aim to use a highresolution atlas and probabilistic tractography to verify the results of this study.…”

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Quantum Analysis of the Interaction of Vortioxetine vs. Neurotransmitters.

“…[1][2][3] The FDA approved Vx a structurally new drug for the treatment of MDD on September 30, 2013. [1,4] Vx exhibits both an antidepressant and anxiolytic effect.…”