Altered Metabolic Integrity of Corpus Callosum Among Individuals at Ultra High Risk of Schizophrenia and First-Episode Patients

Aydın, Kubilay; Üçok, Alp; Güler, Jülide

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.04.007

Cited by 35 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Decreased NAA/Cr and NAA/Cho ratios in the left frontal lobe and decreased NAA/Cr ratios in the ACC were also reported in UHR subjects 5. Recently, Aydin et al6 reported decreased NAA levels and prolonged T2 relaxation time of tissue water in the genu of the corpus callosum in the UHR cases as well as in the first-episode patients of developing schizophrenia. In addition, there was a report that brain metabolite such as NAA was correlated with duration of prodromal symptoms in the first-episode patients of developing schizophrenia 13…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Depressive Symptoms and Brain Metabolite Alterations in Subjects at Ultra-high Risk for Psychosis: A Preliminary Study

Byun

Choi

Yoo

et al. 2009

Psychiatry Investig

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ObjectiveRecent neuroimaging studies have suggested that brain changes occur in subjects at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis while experiencing prodromal symptoms, among which depression may increase the risk of developing a psychotic disorder. The goal of this study is to examine brain metabolite levels in the anterior cingulate cortex, the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the left thalamus in subjects at UHR for psychosis and to compare brain metabolite levels between the UHR subjects with comorbid major depressive disorder and healthy controls.MethodsProton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to examine brain metabolite levels. Twenty UHR subjects and 20 age- and intelligence quotient (IQ)-matched healthy controls were included in this study.ResultsOverall, no significant differences were observed in any metabolite between the UHR and healthy control group. However, UHR subjects with major depressive disorder showed significantly higher myo-inositol (Ins) levels in the left thalamus, compared to the healthy control.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that increased thalamic Ins level is associated with prodromal depressive symptoms. Further longitudinal follow-up studies with larger UHR sample sizes are required to investigate the function of Ins concentrations as a biomarker of vulnerability to psychosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Depressive Symptoms and Brain Metabolite Alterations in Subjects at Ultra-high Risk for Psychosis: A Preliminary Study

Byun

Choi

Yoo

et al. 2009

Psychiatry Investig

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“…Findings indicated significantly reduced total CC volume in offspring of schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls (Francis et al, 2011). In addition, another study found decreased N-acetylaspartate (NAA) concentrations and prolonged T2B in UHR individuals and in first-episode patients (Aydin et al, 2008). Even though the current evidence base is not adequate for making a strong statement we suggest that disrupted connectivity of CC fibers may be an endophenotype for SZ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion tensor imaging in first degree relatives of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients

Arat

Chouinard

Cohen

et al. 2015

Schizophrenia Research

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Objectives White matter (WM) abnormalities are one of the most widely and consistently reported findings in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). If these abnormalities are inherited determinants of illness, suitable to be classified as an endophenotype, relatives of patients must also have them at higher rate compared to the general population. In this review, we evaluate published diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies comparing first degree relatives of SZ and BD patients and healthy control subjects. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and PsychInfo for DTI studies which included an unaffected relative and a healthy comparison group. Results 22 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. WM abnormalities were found in many diverse regions in relatives of SZ patients. Although the findings were not completely consistent across studies, the most implicated areas were frontal and temporal WM regions and the corpus callosum. Studies in relatives of BD patients were fewer in number with less consistent findings reported across studies. Conclusions Our review supports the concept of WM abnormalities as an endophenotype in SZ, with somewhat weaker evidence in BD, but larger and higher quality studies are needed to make a definitive comment.

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“…There is growing evidence that the development of the CC is abnormal in schizophrenia, leading to impaired transcallosal connectivity of the two hemispheres [64]. This was confirmed using DTI and MRI, in which structural abnormalities and reduced volume of the CC were observed [65] for first-episode patients as well as high-risk individuals [66]. It was suggested that CC abnormalities could result in neurological soft signs (NSSs) [67].…”

Section: Mirror Movementsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Interhemispheric Control of Unilateral Movement

2012

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To perform strictly unilateral movements, the brain relies on a large cortical and subcortical network. This network enables healthy adults to perform complex unimanual motor tasks without the activation of contralateral muscles. However, mirror movements (involuntary movements in ipsilateral muscles that can accompany intended movement) can be seen in healthy individuals if a task is complex or fatiguing, in childhood, and with increasing age. Lateralization of movement depends on complex interhemispheric communication between cortical (i.e., dorsal premotor cortex, supplementary motor area) and subcortical (i.e., basal ganglia) areas, probably coursing through the corpus callosum (CC). Here, we will focus on transcallosal interhemispheric inhibition (IHI), which facilitates complex unilateral movements and appears to play an important role in handedness, pathological conditions such as Parkinson's disease, and stroke recovery.

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Altered Metabolic Integrity of Corpus Callosum Among Individuals at Ultra High Risk of Schizophrenia and First-Episode Patients

Cited by 35 publications

References 64 publications

Depressive Symptoms and Brain Metabolite Alterations in Subjects at Ultra-high Risk for Psychosis: A Preliminary Study

Depressive Symptoms and Brain Metabolite Alterations in Subjects at Ultra-high Risk for Psychosis: A Preliminary Study

Diffusion tensor imaging in first degree relatives of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients

Interhemispheric Control of Unilateral Movement

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