Altered intrinsic organisation of brain networks implicated in attentional processes in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a resting-state study of attention, default mode and salience network connectivity

Abstract

Deficits in task-related attentional engagement in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been hypothesized to be due to altered interrelationships between attention, default mode and salience networks. We examined the intrinsic connectivity during rest within and between these networks. Six minutes resting state scans were obtained. Using a network-based approach, connectivity within and between the dorsal and ventral attention, the default mode and the salience networks was compared between the ADHD and control group.The ADHD group displayed hyperconnectivity between the two attention networks and within the default mode and ventral attention network. The salience network was hypoconnected to the dorsal attention network. There were trends towards hyperconnectivity within the dorsal attention network and between the salience and ventral attention network in ADHD.Connectivity within and between other networks was unrelated to ADHD. Our findings highlight the altered connectivity within and between attention networks, and between them and the salience network in ADHD. One hypothesis to be tested in future studies is that individuals with ADHD are affected by an imbalance between ventral and dorsal attention systems with the former playing a dominant role during task engagement making individuals with ADHD highly susceptible to distraction by salient task-irrelevant stimuli.

Visual Distractors Disrupt Audiovisual Integration Regardless of Stimulus Complexity

“…Multisensory integration is also known to be disrupted in several developmental disorders including schizophrenia (De Jong et al, 2010; Postmes et al, 2014; Mayer et al, 2015), dyslexia (Facoetti et al, 2010; Krause, 2015), and autism (Ciesielski et al, 1995; Belmonte and Yurgelun-Todd, 2003; Foss-Feig et al, 2010; Kwakye et al, 2011; Woynaroski et al, 2013). In addition, many developmental disorders also have strong links to alterations in attentional networks, executive functioning, and higher-order processes (Cardinale et al, 2013; Kamradt et al, 2014; Sidlauskaite et al, 2016). However, very few studies have examined how the relationship between attention and multisensory integration develops or the link between multisensory integration and attention in developmental disorders and its role in shaping the trajectory, severity, and functioning of individuals with these disorders.…”

Intrinsic Functional Connectivity in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Science in Development

“…These reports (47;122;143) illustrate the obstacles posed by variations in nomenclature and network boundaries. Encouragement by reviewers and editors to use common frameworks, such as the Yeo-Krienen networks (65), at least for supplementary analyses, would hasten resolution of such ambiguities.…”

“…A multi-network SBC examination in adults with ADHD differentiated four: salience, DMN, dorsal and ventral attention (143). The authors found decreased salience to dorsal attention network FC in ADHD, whereas dorsal and ventral inter-network FC was increased (143).…”

“…The authors found decreased salience to dorsal attention network FC in ADHD, whereas dorsal and ventral inter-network FC was increased (143). Patients with ADHD also exhibited greater within-network FC in DMN and ventral attention network (143). …”

Neurobiological background of borderline personality disorder, PTSD and ADHD

“…In a resting-state fMRI study in patients with ADHD and healthy controls, Sidlauskaite et al [6] investigated connectivity between brain regions involved in these circuits. In ADHD, hyperconnectivity was detected between attention networks and within the default and ventral attention network.…”