Altered immune function of monocytes in different stages of patients with acute on chronic liver failure

Xing, Tong; Li, L; Cao, Hong; Huang, Jiansong

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03259.x

Cited by 97 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…In different stages of ACLF patients, the immune function of monocytes is different (Xing et al 2006). Besides, the compartmentalization of the IFN-γ from peripheral into liver might partly accounts for reduced peripheral IFN-γ level in ACHBLF patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Demethylation of Interferon-.GAMMA. Gene Promoter in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Is Associated with Acute-on-Chronic Hepatitis B Liver Failure

Fan

Zou

Long

et al. 2011

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACHBLF) refers to liver failure occurring in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) related liver diseases. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) plays an important role in the exacerbation of liver function. However, the exact mechanism, by which IFN-γ mediates ACHBLF, is not fully understood. Forty patients with ACHBLF, fifteen patients with CHB and ten healthy controls were included in this present study. ELISA was performed to measure the level of serum IFN-γ. The methylation status of IFN-γ promoter in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was determined using methylation-specific PCR. Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) scoring was performed for evaluating the severity of liver failure. The serum level of IFN-γ in patients with ACHBLF or CHB was significantly lower than that in healthy controls, while the serum IFN-γ level in ACHBLF patients was significantly higher than that in CHB patients. In ACHBLF patients, the level of IFN-γ was positively correlated with total bilirubin and MELD score, but negatively correlated with prothrombin time activity. These results suggest the involvement of IFN-γ in the pathogenesis of ACHBLF. Importantly, the degree of methylation of the IFN-γ gene promoter in ACHBLF patients (60%, 24/40) was significantly lower than that in CHB patients (93%, 14/15), but was higher than that in the control group (20%, 2/10). Furthermore, in ACHBLF patients, the serum IFN-γ level was significantly higher in unmethylation group than that in methylation group. In conclusion, enhanced demethylation of IFN-γ gene promoter in PBMCs may be associated with the onset of ACHBLF.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Demethylation of Interferon-.GAMMA. Gene Promoter in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Is Associated with Acute-on-Chronic Hepatitis B Liver Failure

Fan

Zou

Long

et al. 2011

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…Cellular immune function is generally enhanced during the early stages of cirrhosis complicated by acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), but becomes depressed during the later stages of the disease process [14]. Therefore, appro- Figure 1) [16].…”

Section: Selection Of Bone Marrowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Strategies of Stem Cell Transplantation for Liver Cirrhosis

Fan¹

2017

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Liver transplantation is widely regarded as the most effective therapy for end-stage liver diseases. However, stem cell-based therapy is being developed as a promising strategy which offers a number of benefits as it is minimally invasive and associated with low immunogenicity and low cost. This paper will review the major clinical issues surrounding the use of stem cell therapy for managing cirrhosis, such as discussing the selection of appropriate subtypes of bone marrow stem cells and the need for pre-differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells prior to transplantation, and providing an overview of the methods to improve cell viability and to prevent the exacerbation of cirrhosis. The role of human umbilical cord blood stem cells and amniotic epithelial cells for the treatment of liver disease will be also introduced.

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“…Although hepatic neutrophils are increased in patients with ACLF, these neutrophils are predominantly dysfunctional, with an increased resting respiratory burst but a reduction in phagocytic function [60] . HLA-DR is involved in effective monocyte function, however long-term suppression of HLA-DR commonly occurs in those with ACLF and is associated with poor prognosis and sepsis, organ failure and death, while a rebound increase in HLA-DR expression correlates with clinical recovery [68] . There are a multitude of other cells and signaling pathways involved in the development of SIRS, including dendritic cells and tyrosine-protein kinase Mer dysfunction.…”

Section: Host Response To Injury/infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute-on-chronic liver failure: recent update

Alam

Suen

2016

J Biomed Res

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Acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) was first described in 1995 as a clinical syndrome distinct to classic acute decompensation. Characterized by complications of decompensation, ACLF occurs on a background of chronic liver dysfunction and is associated with high rates of organ failure and significant short-term mortality estimated between 45% and 90%. Despite the clinical relevance of the condition, it still remains largely undefined with continued disagreement regarding its precise etiological factors, clinical course, prognostic criteria and management pathways. It is concerning that, despite our relative lack of understanding of the condition, the burden of ACLF among cirrhotic patients remains significant with an estimated prevalence of 30.9%. This paper highlights our current understanding of ACLF, including its etiology, diagnostic and prognostic criteria and pathophysiology. It is evident that further refinement of the ACLF classification system is required in order to detect high-risk patients and improve short-term mortality rates. The field of metabolomics certainly warrants investigation to enhance diagnostic and prognostic parameters, while the use of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor is a promising future therapeutic intervention for patients with ACLF.

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Altered immune function of monocytes in different stages of patients with acute on chronic liver failure

Cited by 97 publications

References 25 publications

Enhanced Demethylation of Interferon-.GAMMA. Gene Promoter in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Is Associated with Acute-on-Chronic Hepatitis B Liver Failure

Enhanced Demethylation of Interferon-.GAMMA. Gene Promoter in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Is Associated with Acute-on-Chronic Hepatitis B Liver Failure

Therapeutic Strategies of Stem Cell Transplantation for Liver Cirrhosis

Acute-on-chronic liver failure: recent update

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