Altered gut microbiota correlate with different immune responses to HAART in HIV-infected individuals

Xie, Yirui; Sun, Jia; Li, Wei; Jiang, Hai‐yin; Hu, Caiqin; Yang, Jiezuan; Huang, Ying; Ruan, Bing; Zhu, Bin

doi:10.1186/s12866-020-02074-1

Cited by 36 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…Notably, Faecalibacterium has been reported as the anti-inflammatory commensal genus[ 81 ]. It has been positively correlated with the CD4/CD8 ratio and anti-correlated with inflammation markers and LPS in a recent study in HIV-infected patients[ 82 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of viremia and CD4 recovery on gut “microbiome-immunity” axis in treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy

Russo¹,

Nannini²,

Sterrantino³

et al. 2022

WJG

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BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is characterized by persistent systemic inflammation and immune activation, even in patients receiving effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). Converging data from many cross-sectional studies suggest that gut microbiota (GM) changes can occur throughout including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, treated by ART; however, the results are contrasting. For the first time, we compared the fecal microbial composition, serum and fecal microbial metabolites, and serum cytokine profile of treatment - naïve patients before starting ART and after reaching virological suppression, after 24 wk of ART therapy. In addition, we compared the microbiota composition, microbial metabolites, and cytokine profile of patients with CD4/CD8 ratio < 1 (immunological non-responders [INRs]) and CD4/CD8 > 1 (immunological responders [IRs]), after 24 wk of ART therapy. AIM To compare for the first time the fecal microbial composition, serum and fecal microbial metabolites, and serum cytokine profile of treatment - naïve patients before starting ART and after reaching virological suppression (HIV RNA < 50 copies/mL) after 24 wk of ART. METHODS We enrolled 12 treatment - naïve HIV-infected patients receiving ART (mainly based on integrase inhibitors). Fecal microbiota composition was assessed through next generation sequencing. In addition, a comprehensive analysis of a blood broad-spectrum cytokine panel was performed through a multiplex approach. At the same time, serum free fatty acid (FFA) and fecal short chain fatty acid levels were obtained through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS We first compared microbiota signatures, FFA levels, and cytokine profile before starting ART and after reaching virological suppression. Modest alterations were observed in microbiota composition, in particular in the viral suppression condition, we detected an increase of Ruminococcus and Succinivibrio and a decrease of Intestinibacter . Moreover, in the same condition, we also observed augmented levels of serum propionic and butyric acids. Contemporarily, a reduction of serum IP-10 and an increase of IL-8 levels were detected in the viral suppression condition. In addition, the same components were compared between IRs and INRs. Concerning the microflora population, we detected a reduction of Faecalibacterium and an increase of Alistipes in INRs. Simultaneously, fecal isobutyric, isovaleric, and 2-methylbutyric acids were also increased in INRs. CONCLUSION Our results provided an additional perspective about the impact of HIV infection, ART, and immune recovery on the “microbiome-immunity axis” at the metabolism level. These f...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of viremia and CD4 recovery on gut “microbiome-immunity” axis in treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy

Russo¹,

Nannini²,

Sterrantino³

et al. 2022

WJG

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“…The bacterial 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing was conducted by Shanghai Majorbio Bio-Pharm Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences spanning the variable regions V3–V4 were amplified using the primer 338F (5′- ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG-3′), and 806R (5′-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3′) as previous recorded ( Xie et al, 2021 ). The amplicons were extracted from 2% agarose gels, purified by the AxyPrep DNA Gel Extraction Kit (Axygen Biosciences, Union City, CA, United States) and quantified using QuantiFluor™-ST (Promega, United States) based on the guidelines of the manufacturer’s protocol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(5 -GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3 ) as previous recorded (Xie et al, 2021). The amplicons were extracted from 2% agarose gels, purified by the AxyPrep DNA Gel Extraction Kit (Axygen Biosciences, Union City, CA, United States) and quantified using QuantiFluor TM -ST (Promega, United States) based on the guidelines of the manufacturer's protocol.…”

Section: S Ribosomal Rna Gene Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thanks to high-throughput sequencing, thorough and comprehensive studies of complex human microbiology have been conducted during the past years. In recent years, studies mainly focused on characterizing the impact of HIV infection on host–microbe interactions in the gut ( Dillon et al, 2016 ) and some studies found that the gut microbiota are associated with immune recovery in HIV-infected patients ( Ji et al, 2018 ; Lu et al, 2018 ; Xie et al, 2021 ). Oral microbiomes were also reported to have strong associations with human immune system functions, therefore, they were correlated with human immune system diseases such as rheumatic diseases (RDs), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and HIV infection ( Gao et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral Microbiota Is Associated With Immune Recovery in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals

Xie

Sun

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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The role of the oral microbiota in HIV-infected individuals deserves attention as either HIV infection or antiretroviral therapy (ART) may have effect on the diversity and the composition of the oral microbiome. However, few studies have addressed the oral microbiota and its interplay with different immune responses to ART in HIV-infected individuals. Salivary microbiota and immune activation were studied in 30 HIV-infected immunological responders (IR) and 34 immunological non-responders (INR) (≥500 and < 200 CD4 + T-cell counts/μl after 2 years of HIV-1 viral suppression, respectively) with no comorbidities. Metagenome sequencing revealed that the IR and the INR group presented similar salivary bacterial richness and diversity. The INR group presented a significantly higher abundance of genus Selenomonas_4, while the IR group manifested higher abundances of Candidatus_Saccharimonas and norank_p_Saccharimonas. Candidatus_Saccharimonas and norank_p_Saccharimonas were positively correlated with the current CD4 + T-cells. Candidatus_Saccharimonas was positively correlated with the markers of adaptive immunity CD4 + CD57 + T-cells, while negative correlation was found between norank _p_Saccharimonas and the CD8 + CD38 + T-cells as well as the CD4/CD8 + HLADR + CD38 + T-cells. The conclusions are that the overall salivary microbiota structure was similar in the immunological responders and immunological non-responders, while there were some taxonomic differences in the salivary bacterial composition. Selenomona_4, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, and norank _p_Saccharimonas might act as important factors of the immune recovery in the immunodeficiency patients, and Candidatus_Saccharimonas could be considered in the future as screening biomarkers for the immune responses in the HIV-infected individuals.

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“…However, the degree of immune recovery achieved under ART varies greatly between individuals. There is a fraction (between 10% to 40%) of HIVinfected patients on ART whose absolute CD4+ T-cell counts remain less than 200 cells/ml despite suppression of HIV replication after even years of ART (21)(22)(23)(24). These patients are considered to be immunological discordants or non-responders (INRs), in contrast to immunological responders (IRs) whose CD4+ T-cell counts reach 200 cells/ml or over with suppression of HIV replication (25).…”

Section: Hiv Infection Leads To Immune Impairment and Long-term Systemic Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota-Meditated Immunity Abnormalities Facilitate Hepatitis B Virus Co-Infection in People Living With HIV: A Review

et al. 2022

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection is fairly common in people living with HIV (PLWH) and affects millions of people worldwide. Identical transmission routes and HIV-induced immune suppression have been assumed to be the main factors contributing to this phenomenon. Moreover, convergent evidence has shown that people co-infected with HIV and HBV are more likely to have long-term serious medical problems, suffer more from liver-related diseases, and have higher mortality rates, compared to individuals infected exclusively by either HIV or HBV. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the comorbid infection of HIV and HBV have not been fully elucidated. In recent times, the human gastrointestinal microbiome is progressively being recognized as playing a pivotal role in modulating immune function, and is likely to also contribute significantly to critical processes involving systemic inflammation. Both antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve HIV-infected subjects and ART-treated individuals are now known to be characterized by having gut microbiomic dysbiosis, which is associated with a damaged intestinal barrier, impaired mucosal immunological functioning, increased microbial translocation, and long-term immune activation. Altered microbiota-related products in PLWH, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), have been associated with the development of leaky gut syndrome, favoring microbial translocation, which in turn has been associated with a chronically activated underlying host immune response and hence the facilitated pathogenesis of HBV infection. Herein, we critically review the interplay among gut microbiota, immunity, and HIV and HBV infection, thus laying down the groundwork with respect to the future development of effective strategies to efficiently restore normally diversified gut microbiota in PLWH with a dysregulated gut microbiome, and thus potentially reduce the prevalence of HBV infection in this population.

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Altered gut microbiota correlate with different immune responses to HAART in HIV-infected individuals

Cited by 36 publications

References 55 publications

Effects of viremia and CD4 recovery on gut “microbiome-immunity” axis in treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy

Effects of viremia and CD4 recovery on gut “microbiome-immunity” axis in treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy

Oral Microbiota Is Associated With Immune Recovery in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals

Microbiota-Meditated Immunity Abnormalities Facilitate Hepatitis B Virus Co-Infection in People Living With HIV: A Review

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