Altered growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi in an in vitro dual culture system with the vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices growing on Daucus carota transformed roots

St‐Arnaud, Marc; Hamel, Chantal; Vimard, B.; Caron, M.; Fortin, J. A.

doi:10.1007/bf00213444

Cited by 36 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…They noted a stimulation of conidial germination of F. o. chrysanthemi when conidia were inoculated directly in the AM fungal compartment compared with the nonmycorrhizal control. The fact that in our experiment, conidial germination was inhibited rather than stimulated, as reported by St-Arnaud et al (1995b), is probably related to the composition of the growth medium. St-Arnaud et al (1995b) used a minimal medium without sucrose and solidified with Gel Gro, whereas in our study, the germination medium was a crude extract from water Gel Gro.…”

Section: supporting

confidence: 77%

“…The fact that in our experiment, conidial germination was inhibited rather than stimulated, as reported by St-Arnaud et al (1995b), is probably related to the composition of the growth medium. St-Arnaud et al (1995b) used a minimal medium without sucrose and solidified with Gel Gro, whereas in our study, the germination medium was a crude extract from water Gel Gro. The chemical composition of the growth medium has a major impact on the chemical modifications (pH, ion concentration) induced by AM fungal growth.…”

Section: supporting

confidence: 77%

“…It was shown that G. intraradices can strongly basify the pH of modified M medium locally, creating important differences between the distal compartment, containing only the extraradical mycelium of G. intraradices (pH up to 9.0), and controls (Villegas et al, 1996). It is therefore possible that the differences between the results of St-Arnaud et al (1995b) and those obtained in the present experiment were caused by differences in the pH of the germination medium.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 55%

“…In addition to their well known nutritional effect, AM fungi can have an important role to play in sustainable agriculture. St-Arnaud et al (1995b), have reported that G. intraradices could directly interact with F. o. chrysanthemi in a similar in vitro system. They noted a stimulation of conidial germination of F. o. chrysanthemi when conidia were inoculated directly in the AM fungal compartment compared with the nonmycorrhizal control.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…We showed that a pH range of 6.5-8.0 does not influence the conidial germination of F. o. chrysanthemi. St-Arnaud et al (1995b) used a modified M medium with an initial pH of 5.5 in the distal compartment. It was shown that G. intraradices can strongly basify the pH of modified M medium locally, creating important differences between the distal compartment, containing only the extraradical mycelium of G. intraradices (pH up to 9.0), and controls (Villegas et al, 1996).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct interaction between the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices and different rhizosphere microorganisms

1999

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can reduce the incidence and importance of plant root diseases caused by pathogens. The mechanisms involved are not well characterized. We used an in vitro experimental system to test the hypothesis that the extraradical mycelium of AM fungi can interfere directly with microorganisms in the mycosphere and directly or indirectly reduce the population of plant pathogens. This system permitted the isolation of soluble substances released by the extraradical mycelium of Glomus intraradices. The AM fungus was grown on Daucus carota transformed roots in one compartment, while only the extraradical mycelium was allowed to grow in a second compartment. A freezing and centrifugation technique was developed for the extraction and concentration of substances present in the compartment containing only the AM fungal mycelium. Four soilinhabiting microorganisms were selected, and conidial germination (fungi) or growth (bacteria) of these was studied in the presence and absence (control) of the extract. In comparison with the control, the results indicated that both the growth of Pseudomonas chlororaphis and the conidial germination of Trichoderma harzianum were stimulated in the presence of the AM fungal extract. In contrast, conidial germination of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi was reduced while the growth of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis was not affected. The measured effects in general were directly correlated with extract concentration. Differences in pH were noted between the extract containing substances released by the AM fungus and the non-AM control, but no significant influence of the pH on growth or conidial germination was noted, confirming that substances released by the AM fungus in the growth medium is the main factor explaining differential growth of the microorganisms tested. The results suggest that direct interactions exist between AM fungi and soil microorganisms, which might lead to changes in microbial equilibrium detrimental to pathogens.

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Section: supporting

confidence: 77%

Section: supporting

confidence: 77%

Section: mentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: mentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct interaction between the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices and different rhizosphere microorganisms

1999

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Consequences of antagonistic interactions between endophytic fungus and bacterium on plant growth and defense responses in Atractylodes lancea

Wang

Yang

Wang

et al. 2013

J. Basic Microbiol.

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Many studies have examined pair‐wise interactions between plants and endophytes, while overlooking the interplays among multiple endosymbionts and their combined impacts on hosts. In this study, Atractylodes lancea plantlets were inoculated with endophytic fungus Acremonium strictum AL16, or endophytic bacterium Acinetobacter sp., or both, to investigate the impacts of the three‐way symbiosis on the host. Our results showed that defense‐related responses of the co‐inoculated plantlets were delayed and weakened relative to plantlets with single inoculants, but no detrimental effects on phyto‐physiology (growth, photosynthesis) were observed after combined inoculations. Quantitative PCR analysis verified a decrease in AL16 colonization density within plants after co‐inoculation with the endobacteria. An in vitro assay was then performed to elucidate the suppressed plant defense responses and reduced fungal colonization by dual inoculation. The data showed that the presence of Acinetobacter sp. reduced AL16 colony diameter and spore germination rate without negatively affecting fungal morphology. Additionally, direct hyphal attachment of the bacterium to AL16 in vitro was visualized by scanning electronic microscopy. Therefore, we propose that a balanced and compatible symbiosis might require constraints conferred by the antagonistic endophyte Acinetobacter sp. on the fungus AL16 in the tripartite endophytic bacterium–fungus–plant system.

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Mycorrhizal Association and Their Role in Plant Disease Protection

Filho

Pascholati

Sabrinho

2016

Plant, Soil and Microbes

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The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a mutualistic association formed between plants and soil fungi. Members of AM-forming fungi (AMF) belong to the phylum Glomeromycota . They are symbiotically associated with roots of more than 80 % of terrestrial plant species. AM fungi are obligate biotrophs that require the host plant to proliferate, survive, and complete their life cycle. The AMF, during the symbiosis, establish a sink for plant photosynthate by utilizing it for biomass and metabolic energy, while the AM plants obtain nutrients and water through the AMF hyphae. The benefi ts of AM symbiosis on fi tness plants are largely known, including a better mineral nutrition and a higher tolerance of mycorrhizal plants to abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, and presence of heavy metals. Additionally, recent investigations reveal that AMF can suppress pests and plant diseases through induction of systemic resistance. The knowledge about the mechanisms behind the induction of resistance by mycorrhizal symbiosis remains unknown. This chapter describes the role of mycorrhizal symbiosis in plant disease protection, with special emphasis on the mycorrhiza-induced resistance (MIR).

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Altered growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi in an in vitro dual culture system with the vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices growing on Daucus carota transformed roots

Cited by 36 publications

References 51 publications

Direct interaction between the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices and different rhizosphere microorganisms

Direct interaction between the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices and different rhizosphere microorganisms

Consequences of antagonistic interactions between endophytic fungus and bacterium on plant growth and defense responses in Atractylodes lancea

Mycorrhizal Association and Their Role in Plant Disease Protection

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