Altered Growth Hormone Secretion during Oral Contraception

Karlsson, Roger; Edén, Staffan; Schoultz, Bo von

doi:10.1159/000293276

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Our finding of a decrease in AIGF-1 levels in present OC users could indicate such a dissocia tion. Also the study of Karlsson et al [2], who found a change in GH secretion towards a pattern of smaller peaks at a higher frequency compared with pretreatment values in present OC users, supports this hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

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Suppression of Plasma Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Levels in Healthy, Nulliparous, Young Women Using Low Dose Oral Contraceptives

Jernström

Olsson

1994

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels were analyzed in 43 healthy, nulliparous women aged 19–25 years. Blood samples were drawn in a standardized way in follicular and luteal phases, for present users during cycle days 5–10 and 18–23, respectively. In each women, absolute levels and a difference in p-IGF-1 levels between the two menstrual cycle phases (ΔIGF-1) were related to oral contraceptive (OC) use, height, weight, age, gonadotropin and serum sexual hormone binding globulin (s-SHBG) levels. In the follicular phase and cycle days 5–10, absolute values of p-IGF-1 did not significantly differ between present, former and never users of OCs, in contrast to a significant difference (p = 0.0013) in the luteal phase and cycle days 18–23 between present users and never users, after adjustment for age. ΔIGF-1 was significantly negatively correlated to present OC use, compared with nonusers (p = 0.0002). ΔIGF-1 did not significantly differ between former and never users. While height and weight were not significantly related to ΔIGF-1, there was a significant negative correlation between age and ΔIGF-1 (p = 0.05). Also, s-SHBG and p-IGF-1 were significantly negatively related in the luteal phase and cycle days 18-23 after adjustment for age (p = 0.006), although this relationship disappeared after adjustment for present OC use.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…As GH follows a pulsatile pattern [2], analysis of GH would have required multiple samples preferably ob tained by a pump for 24 h.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of Plasma Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Levels in Healthy, Nulliparous, Young Women Using Low Dose Oral Contraceptives

Jernström

Olsson

1994

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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“…Estrogen is known to augment basal GH levels in both males and females (Duursma et al 1986;Karlsson et al 1990;Wiedemann et al 1976), but it is interesting to note that women have higher resting GH levels than men only during waking, ambulatory periods. During sleep periods, both sexes have similar GH levels (Frantz and Rabkin 1965) and it has been suggested that the higher waking ambulatory GH levels in females are not only due to estrogen but may also be mediated by physical activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth hormone responses to continuous and intermittent exercise in females under oral contraceptive therapy

Bernardes

Radomski²

1998

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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In this study we investigated the effect of oral contraceptive (OC) use (OCU) and non-use (OCNU) on growth hormone (GH) responses to exercise in the same females (n = 7, age 22-31 years) during the normal course of OC therapy. Continuous (60% maximum oxygen consumption, VO2max for 20 min) and intermittent exercise (>80% VO2max) protocols of equal total duration, and similar external work were performed during phases of OCNU (days 3-5 of the menstrual cycle) and OCU (days 7-11). Levels of GH, lactate, 17 beta-estradiol, and progesterone were measured. Lactate responses were significantly greater (P<0.05) during intermittent than continuous exercise, with no effect of OC use. However, significantly greater GH responses were found during the OCU phase than the OCNU phase in both the continuous (+94%) and intermittent (+250%) exercise protocols. Estradiol and progesterone levels increased significantly during exercise in all four conditions. We suggest that the increased GH responses observed during the OCU-phase were potentiated by the elevated levels levels of total estrogens (endogenous 17 beta-estradiol and exogenous ethinyl estradiol). It is suggested that training programs for female athletes could be timed in accordance with the menstrual cycle to benefit from an increased GH response to exercise during phases of OC use or the luteal phase of women not on OC therapy.

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“…Total levels of cortisol and thyroid hormones will increase owing to increased levels of their binding proteins, whereas the free fractions of these hormones remain essentially unchanged (Wiegratz et al ., 2003a, b). Effects of OC treatment on glucoregulatory hormones are less explored, and there is little knowledge about the effects of OCs on IGFBPs (Karlsson et al ., 1990; Westwood et al ., 1999). However, both second generation and third generation OCs have been demonstrated to decrease levels of IGF-I, whereas IGFBP-3 remains unchanged (Balogh et al ., 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of oral contraceptives on diurnal profiles of insulin, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1, growth hormone and cortisol in endurance athletes with menstrual disturbance

et al. 2009

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BACKGROUNDMenstrual disturbances in female athletes are often explained as a consequence of energy deficiency. Oral contraceptive (OC) treatment may have favorable metabolic effects. We evaluated effects of OCs on diurnal secretions of insulin, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1), growth hormone (GH) and cortisol in relation to changes in body composition in athletes with menstrual disturbance compared with regularly menstruating athletes and controls.METHODSAge- and BMI-matched groups of endurance athletes with menstrual disturbance (OAM, n = 9) and regularly cycling athletes (RM, n = 8) and sedentary controls (CTRL, n = 8) were examined, and hormone levels measured, before and after 8 months of treatment with a low-dose combined OC (30 µg ethinyl estradiol + 150 µg levonorgestrel).RESULTSBefore OC treatment, the diurnal profile of insulin was lower (P < 0.01) and levels of IGFBP-1 (P < 0.05) and cortisol (P < 0.05) were higher in OAM athletes than in CTRL, whereas GH secretion was higher than in RM athletes (P < 0.05). After treatment, diurnal secretions of these hormones were similar between groups with an increase of IGFBP-1 in the regularly menstruating subjects only (P < 0.001). OC treatment increased body fat mass in OAM athletes (P < 0.01 versus baseline). The change in total fat mass correlated positively with pretreatment diurnal levels of GH (rs = 0.67, P < 0.01) and cortisol (rs = 0.64, P < 0.01).CONCLUSIONSOC treatment in endurance athletes with menstrual disturbance increases body fat mass and results in diurnal levels of insulin, IGFBP-1, GH and cortisol that are comparable to those in regularly menstruating subjects. These results suggest that OCs improve metabolic balance in OAM athletes.

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Altered Growth Hormone Secretion during Oral Contraception

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Suppression of Plasma Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Levels in Healthy, Nulliparous, Young Women Using Low Dose Oral Contraceptives

Suppression of Plasma Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Levels in Healthy, Nulliparous, Young Women Using Low Dose Oral Contraceptives

Growth hormone responses to continuous and intermittent exercise in females under oral contraceptive therapy

Effects of oral contraceptives on diurnal profiles of insulin, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1, growth hormone and cortisol in endurance athletes with menstrual disturbance

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