Altered gene transcription and telomere length in trout embryo and larvae obtained with DNA cryodamaged sperm

Impact of sperm DNA damage and oocyte-repairing capacity on trout development

“…It has been repeatedly demonstrated both in mammals and in fish that fertilization capacity can be preserved in spermatozoa showing standard quality in terms of motility and morphology although carrying a damaged genome (Upadhya et al 2010, Avendano & Oehninger 2011, Perez-Cerezales et al 2011, Fernandez-Diez et al 2015. Fertilization with DNA-damaged sperm increases the risk of promoting pregnancy loss in mammals (Speyer et al 2010), arrest in embryo development or embryo death (Perez-Cerezales et al 2010b, Gawecka et al 2013, birth defects, chromosomal abnormalities and other genetic diseases (Fernandez-Gonzalez et al 2008, Barroso et al 2009, Schulte et al 2010, Marchetti et al 2015.…”

“…Fish have been used as models in the study of the effects of sperm DNA damage on the reproductive success given the advantage provided by its high prolificacy (allowing the study of a high number of descendants from the same mating), easy process of artificial fertilization and weak mechanism of sperm selection (facilitating fertilization with damaged spermatozoa) and external development (giving free access to embryos throughout development) (Kopeika et al 2004, Perez-Cerezales et al 2009, 2010b, 2011, Fernandez-Diez et al 2015.…”

Paternal contribution to development: Sperm genetic damage and repair in fish

“…Increases in DNA fragmentation have been described in rainbow trout sperm at the end of the natural reproductive period Pérez-Cerezales et al 2010;Pérez-Cerezales et al 2011;Fernández-Díez et al 2015) or in sole (S. senegalensis) out of the natural spawning seasons . In addition, the chromatin of the sperm obtained out of season shows a higher susceptibility to cryodamage or to UV irradiation, increasing significantly the fragmentation rate and the number of lesions in specific genes, that is accompanied by a lower reproductive success (increase in the abortion rates and malformed larvae) (Pérez-Cerezales et al 2011;Fernández-Díez et al 2015).…”

“…In addition, the chromatin of the sperm obtained out of season shows a higher susceptibility to cryodamage or to UV irradiation, increasing significantly the fragmentation rate and the number of lesions in specific genes, that is accompanied by a lower reproductive success (increase in the abortion rates and malformed larvae) (Pérez-Cerezales et al 2011;Fernández-Díez et al 2015).…”

“…Pérez-Cerezales and coworkers (Pérez-Cerezales et al 2011) reported that rainbow trout larvae obtained after fertilization with cryopreserved DNA damaged sperm showed longer telomeres and an over-expression of telomerase, Tert, as well as changes in the expression levels of 5 from 7 genes related to growth and differentiation. Abnormal juvenile weight and changes in cortisol response to acute stress were reported by Hayes and colleagues (Hayes et al 2005) in trout fertilized eggs obtained with frozen sperm.…”