Altered Fat Tissue Distribution in Young Adult Men Who Had Low Birth Weight

Rasmussen, Eva Lind; Malis, Charlotte; Jensen, Christine B.; Jensen, Jens‐Erik Beck; Storgaard, Heidi; Poulsen, Pernille; Pilgaard, Kasper; Schou, Jacob Hagen; Madsbad, Sten; Astrup, Arne; Vaag, Allan

doi:10.2337/diacare.28.1.151

Cited by 83 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In particular, our a priori hypothesis that FGV was more predictive than BW per se for metabolic outcome in adolescence was rejected. The relationships identified in the present study are in accord with previous reports of effects of BW, some of which have shown significant differences between groups of young individuals with low BW compared with control groups of 20 or less each [25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The effect of birthweight upon insulin resistance and associated cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence is not explained by fetal growth velocity in the third trimester as measured by repeated ultrasound fetometry

et al. 2008

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Aims/hypothesis Smallness for gestational age (SGA) is associated with increased risk of developing components of the metabolic syndrome. Although SGA can imply intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), more information is required to link specific fetal growth patterns to adult outcomes. Methods We examined the impact of fetal growth velocity during the third trimester (FGV) vs birthweight for gestational age on early markers of the metabolic syndrome in 123 healthy men and women (mean age 17.5 years) born at term. FGV was determined by ultrasound measurements. Results After correction for confounders including current BMI, SGA was significantly associated with raised basal plasma insulin (+19% above appropriate for gestational age), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (+21%), cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio (+13%) and systolic BP (+4.8%) (all p<0.05). Furthermore SGA was associated with increased fat mass (+9.6%) and trunk-fat per cent (+6.8%) and with reduced lean body mass as determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans (−4.1% below appropriate for gestational age) (all p<0.05). In contrast, IUGR in the third trimester was associated only with an elevated cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio (+11% above not-IUGR). Conclusions/interpretation In the present study, FGV did not explain the impact of birthweight upon the metabolic phenotype in adolescence. This suggests that fetal growth prior to the third trimester or postnatal catch-up growth plays a more important role.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The effect of birthweight upon insulin resistance and associated cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence is not explained by fetal growth velocity in the third trimester as measured by repeated ultrasound fetometry

et al. 2008

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“…2b). We have previously reported an association between increased abdominal fat mass and altered fat distribution in young LBW men [12]. Interestingly, in the present study, GLUT4 protein level was negatively associated with abdominal fat mass (ALL: R=−0.46, p=0.09), but this correlation was seen in the LBW group only (LBW: R=−0.74, p=0.04; NBW: R=−0.17, p=0.80).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…However, we have previously shown that despite normal whole-body insulin sensitivity, a birthweight in the bottom 10th percentile is associated with slightly increased fasting plasma glucose [12,14,15], higher fasting and stimulated plasma insulin concentrations [15], as well as increased abdominal fat mass [12]. Correction of the M value for plasma insulin concentration (i.e.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recruitment was according to birthweight. Of these men, 17 represented a random subset of a cohort previously described [12], which in addition to undergoing a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan, also underwent a 3-h hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp (80 mU m −2 min −1 ) in combination with indirect calorimetry and a baseline subcutaneous fat biopsy (performed between March and August 2003). As biopsy material was sparse, an additional 17 volunteers were recruited by the same criteria to enable a larger panel of proteins to be studied (studied between July 2004 and March 2005).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lifestyle factors such as tobacco use, exercise and diet were not different between groups, as assessed by interview at inclusion. Height, weight, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio and regional DEXA measurements were determined as previously described [12,14]. Glucose, insulin, NEFA and triacylglycerol were determined at baseline and at 10-min intervals throughout the clamp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decreased protein levels of key insulin signalling molecules in adipose tissue from young men with a low birthweight – potential link to increased risk of diabetes?

et al. 2006

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Aims/hypothesis Individuals with low birthweight are at increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Previously we have shown that low birthweight is associated with changes in muscle insulin signalling proteins. Here we determined whether low birthweight is associated with changes in insulin signalling proteins in adipose tissue. Methods Men (age 23 years) with either a low (bottom 10th percentile) (n=17) or a normal (50th-90th percentile) (n=17) birthweight were recruited from the Danish Medical Birth Registry and subcutaneous adipose biopsies were taken. Results Between the two groups there was no difference in protein level of the insulin receptor, protein kinase C zeta, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) alpha, GSK3 beta, protein kinase B alpha and beta, peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 or Src-homology-2-containing protein. However, the levels of GLUT4 (also known as solute carrier family 2 [facilitated glucose transporter], member 4 [SLC2A4]) (52±10.9% reduction, p<0.01), p85α subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) (45±9% reduction, p<0.01), p110ß subunit of PI3K (48± 17% reduction, p=0.06) and IRS1 (59±24% reduction, p<0.05) were reduced in men of low birthweight. Conclusions/interpretation These findings show that low birthweight is associated with reduced levels of adipose insulin signalling proteins, thus providing a potential molecular framework to explain why people with low birthweight are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. These differences precede the development of diabetes and thus may help predict disease risk.

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Adiposity and height of adult Hmong refugees: Relationship with war‐related early malnutrition and later migration

Clarkin

2008

American J Hum Biol

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This study investigated whether historical proxies for poor nutrition early in life were associated with differences in body composition and height among adult Hmong refugees. Life history and anthropometric data were collected from a sample of 279 Hmong aged 18-51 years who were born in Laos or Thailand and resettled in French Guiana or the United States following the Second Indochina War. Overall, 30.5% were born in a war zone in Laos, while 38.8% were displaced as infants; these individuals were presumed to have experienced malnutrition in the perinatal and infant periods, respectively. Resettlement in urban areas in the US was utilized as a proxy for greater exposure to excessive energy balance, compared with Hmong who resettled in rural areas in French Guiana. In multiple linear regression models, being displaced in infancy was negatively associated with height after controlling for confounders, while being born in a war zone was associated with higher adiposity and centralized body fat distribution. Resettlement in the US was associated with a higher centralization of subcutaneous fat, but not overall adiposity. These findings may be of interest to the study of the developmental origins of obesity, in a population that has undergone early malnutrition followed by migration and rapid nutritional transition.

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Altered Fat Tissue Distribution in Young Adult Men Who Had Low Birth Weight

Cited by 83 publications

References 5 publications

The effect of birthweight upon insulin resistance and associated cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence is not explained by fetal growth velocity in the third trimester as measured by repeated ultrasound fetometry

The effect of birthweight upon insulin resistance and associated cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence is not explained by fetal growth velocity in the third trimester as measured by repeated ultrasound fetometry

Decreased protein levels of key insulin signalling molecules in adipose tissue from young men with a low birthweight – potential link to increased risk of diabetes?

Adiposity and height of adult Hmong refugees: Relationship with war‐related early malnutrition and later migration

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