Altered Expression of the Extracellular Matrix Related Genes COL15A1, CHRDL2, EFEMP1, and TIMP1 in Varicose Veins

Abstract

Methods. Thirty-three patients with severe PTS were included in the study. Group 1 with 11 patients, underwent IFS stenting. Group 2 with 22 patients, had hybrid procedures: open endovenectomy from the common femoral vein (CFV) with arteriovenous fistula creation and iliac vein stenting. Pre-operatively all patients were evaluated with ultrasound and contrast venography. There was no difference between the groups for demographic data, comorbidities, and the results of imaging studies. The distribution of patients according to the CEAP classification was: C4 e 6 (55%), C5 e 3 (27%), and C6 e 2 (18%) in group 1; C4 e 13 (59%), C5 e 5 (23%), C6 e 4 (18%) in group 2. A Wallstent was used in all cases. Two stents were required in all patients in group 1, and in 16 (73%) patients in group 2. Six (27%) patients in group 2 were treated with a single stent. Patients were re-examined on day two, and one week and one year after the procedure. Low molecular weight heparins were administered in therapeutic doses for three to five days with subsequent conversion to new oral anticoagulants for one year. Results. Technical success was achieved in all patients. In the early post-operative period one case (9%) in group one and one case (5%) in group two had more that 50% residual iliofemoral stenosis. In addition, two cases (9%) in group 2 were complicated by groin haematoma, which did not require surgical intervention or blood transfusion. There were no other early complications. The cumulative primary patency rate at 12 months was 72.7% in group 1 and 81.8% in group 2 (p > .05). The venous ulcer healing rate was 50% in both groups. Conclusion. Both isolated stenting and hybrid procedures are effective and safe in patients with CVO and severe PTS. Larger prospective studies are warranted to better compare the endovascular and hybrid approaches.

The genetic constituent of varicose vein pathogenesis as a key for future treatment option development

“…One of the biggest genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on VVs was performed by the American 23andMe company scientists who identified a group of 12 SNPs and genes corresponding to them: rs507666 (ABO), rs966562 (XKR5, ANGPT2, AGPAT5), rs7111987 (ADM, AMPD3), rs11121615 (CASZ1), rs111434909 (ANGPT1), rs145218303 (ARGHAP6), rs6905288 (VEGFA), rs4516218 (PIEZO1), rs4463578 ( ZIC3, FGF13), rs6062618 (SOX18, TCEA2), rs6712038 (PPP3R1, CNRIP1) and rs79607156 (THEG5, ZNF507) [21] . However, those associations were not replicated.…”

“…Quite a few works have been done to replicate top associations from GWASs for VVD using independent datasets. One of them, performed in our laboratory, aimed to verify the associations revealed by Bell et al [21] and Ellinghaus et al [22] using two independent groups of patients: (1) ethnic Russian individuals; and (2) genetic data on a large population-based cohort of British residents obtained from UK Biobank. We also aimed to perform a meta-analysis [25] .…”