Altered expression of surface alpha-1,3-glucan in genetically related strains of Blastomyces dermatitidis that differ in virulence

Hogan, Laura H.; Klein, Bruce S.

doi:10.1128/iai.62.8.3543-3546.1994

Cited by 129 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In B. dermatitidis, the conversion from mold to yeast results in an increased cell wall content of α-(1,3)-glucan and a decreased β-(1,3)-glucan content [8]. In the pathogenic yeast forms of several of the dimorphic fungi, including B. dermatitidis, H. capsulatum and P. brasiliensis, the level of α-(1,3)-glucan in the cell wall correlates with the level of virulence [9]. Additionally, as cells adapt to changes in temperature, multiple changes occur in the lipid composition of the plasma membrane, which leads to remodeling and reorganization of the membrane [10].…”

Section: Yeast Phase Specific Factors and Their Role In Virulencementioning

confidence: 99%

Dimorphism and virulence in fungi

Klein

Tebbets

2007

Current Opinion in Microbiology

235

200

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The signature feature of systemic dimorphic fungi - a family of six primary fungal pathogens of humans - is a temperature-induced phase transition. These fungi grow as a mold in soil at ambient temperature and convert to yeast after infectious spores are inhaled into the lungs of a mammalian host. Seminal work 20 years ago established that a temperature-induced phase transition from mold to yeast is required for virulence. Several yeast-phase specific genes, identified one-by-one and studied by reverse genetics, have revealed mechanisms by which the phase transition promotes disease pathogenesis. Transcriptional profiling of microarrays built with genomic elements of Histoplasma capsulatum and ESTs of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis that represent partial genomes has identified 500 genes and 328 genes, respectively, that are differentially expressed upon the phase transition. The genomes of most of the dimorphic fungi are now in varying stages of being sequenced. The creation of additional microarrays and the application of new reverse genetic tools promise fresh insight into genes and mechanisms that regulate pathogenesis and morphogenesis. The use of insertional mutagenesis by Agrobacterium has uncovered a hybrid histidine kinase that regulates dimorphism and pathogenicity in Blastomyces dermatitidis and H. capsulatum. Two-component signaling appears to be a common strategy for model and pathogenic fungi to sense and respond to environmental stresses.

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Section: Yeast Phase Specific Factors and Their Role In Virulencementioning

confidence: 99%

Dimorphism and virulence in fungi

Klein

Tebbets

2007

Current Opinion in Microbiology

235

200

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“…(2007) has presented evidence that α‐1,3‐glucan masks β‐glucan on the cell wall of Histoplasma capsulatum to block host recognition of the fungal invasion. A correlation between reduction in α‐1,3‐glucan and virulence has also been observed in other dimorphic fungal pathogens, such as Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Blastomyces dermatitidis (San‐Blas et al ., 1977; Hogan and Klein, 1994; Rappleye and Goldman, 2006). Similarly to the case of H. capsulatum , it has been assumed that the fungal α‐1,3‐glucan conceals cell wall MAMPs on the fungal cell surface to circumvent recognition by hosts (Hogan et al ., 1996; Rappleye and Goldman, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of cell wall components of Magnaporthe grisea during infectious structure development

Fujikawa

Kuga

Yano

et al. 2009

Molecular Microbiology

135

169

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SummaryOligosaccharides derived from cell wall of fungal pathogens induce host primary immune responses. To understand fungal strategies circumventing the host plant immune responses, cell wall polysaccharide localization was investigated using fluorescent labels during infectious structure differentiation in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. a-1,3-glucan was labelled only on appressoria developing on plastic surfaces, whereas it was detected on both germ tubes and appressoria on plant surfaces. Chitin, chitosan and b-1,3-glucan were detected on germ tubes and appressoria regardless of the substrate. Major polysaccharides labelled at accessible surface of infectious hyphae were a-1,3-glucan and chitosan, but after enzymatic digestion of a-1,3-glucan, b-1,3-glucan and chitin became detectable. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis showed a-1,3-glucan and b-1,3-glucan intermixed in the cell wall of infectious hyphae; however, a-1,3-glucan tended to be distributed farther from the fungal cell membrane. The fungal cell wall became more tolerant to chitinase digestion upon accumulation of a-1,3-glucan. Accumulation of a-1,3-glucan was dependent on the Mps1 MAP kinase pathway, which was activated by a plant wax derivative, 1,16-hexadecanediol. Taken together, a-1,3-glucan spatially and functionally masks b-1,3-glucan and chitin in the cell wall of infectious hyphae.Thus, a dynamic change of composition of cell wall polysaccharides occurs during plant infection in M. grisea.

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“…In contrast, down-regulated genes specific of dimorphism in the , 1997); it is known that this morphological change is accompanied by a change in the chemical composition of the cell wall. For example, in P. brasiliensis, Blastomyces dermatitidis, and Histoplasma capsulatum, it was demonstrated that the levels of a-1,3-glucans are directly related to the levels of virulence (Hogan & Klein, 1994). The composition of the cell wall of the yeast and mycelial forms of U. maydis showed differences both qualitative and quantitative.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Differentially Expressed Genes Specific Of Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of genes involved in cell wall synthesis and structure duringUstilago maydisdimorphism

Robledo-Briones

Ruíz-Herrera

2013

FEMS Yeast Res

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The cell wall is the structure that provides the shape to fungal cells and protects them from the difference in osmotic pressure existing between the cytosol and the external medium. Accordingly, changes in structure and composition of the fungal wall must occur during cell differentiation, including the dimorphic transition of fungi. We analyzed, by use of microarrays, the transcriptional regulation of the 639 genes identified to be involved in cell wall synthesis and structure plus the secretome of the Basidiomycota species Ustilago maydis during its dimorphic transition induced by a change in pH. Of these, 189 were differentially expressed during the process, and using as control two monomorphic mutants, one yeast like and the other mycelium constitutive, 66 genes specific of dimorphism were identified. Most of these genes were up-regulated in the mycelial phase. These included CHS genes, genes involved in β-1,6-glucan synthesis, N-glycosylation, and proteins containing a residue of glycosylphosphatidylinositol, and a number of genes from the secretome. The possible significance of these data on cell wall plasticity is discussed.

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Altered expression of surface alpha-1,3-glucan in genetically related strains of Blastomyces dermatitidis that differ in virulence

Cited by 129 publications

References 14 publications

Dimorphism and virulence in fungi

Dimorphism and virulence in fungi

Dynamics of cell wall components of Magnaporthe grisea during infectious structure development

Regulation of genes involved in cell wall synthesis and structure duringUstilago maydisdimorphism

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