Altered developmental toxicity caused by three carrier solvents

Rayburn, James R.; Deyoung, Donna J.; Bantle, John A.; Fort, Douglas J.; McNew, R. W.

doi:10.1002/jat.2550110405

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This potentiating effect was seen with teratogens dissolved in DMSO in xenopus embryos(Rayburn et al, 1991). Additionally, DMSO was shown to alter the permeability of fluorescein in zebrafish embryos at a concentration greater than 0.1% (Kais et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Chlorpyrifos and malathion have opposite effects on behaviors and brain size that are not correlated to changes in AChE activity

Richendrfer

Créton

2015

NeuroToxicology

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Organophosphates, a type of neurotoxicant pesticide, are used globally for the treatment of pests on croplands and are therefore found in a large number of conventional foods. These pesticides are harmful and potentially deadly if ingested or inhaled in large quantities by causing a significant reduction in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the central and peripheral nervous system. However, much less is known about the effects of exposure to small quantities of the pesticides on neural systems and behavior during development. In the current study we used zebrafish larvae in order to determine the effects of two of the most widely used organophosphates, chlorpyrifos and malathion, on zebrafish behavior and AChE activity. Embryos and larvae were exposed to the organophosphates during different time points in development and then tested at 5 days post-fertilization for behavioral, neurodevelopmental and AChE abnormalities. The results of the study indicate that chlorpyrifos and malathion cause opposing behaviors in the larvae such as swim speed (hypoactivity vs. hyperactivity) and rest. Additionally, the pesticides affect only certain behaviors, such as thigmotaxis, during specific time points in development that are unrelated to changes in AChE activity. Larvae treated with malathion but not chlorpyrifos also had significantly smaller forebrain and hindbrain regions compared to controls by 5 days post-fertilization. We conclude that exposure to very low concentrations of organophosphate pesticides during development cause abnormalities in behavior and brain size.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Chlorpyrifos and malathion have opposite effects on behaviors and brain size that are not correlated to changes in AChE activity

Richendrfer

Créton

2015

NeuroToxicology

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“…Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) is commonly used in fish toxicity tests as a solvent for several water-insoluble substances (Rufli et al 1998;Rayburn et al 1991). DMSO is a colourless hygroscopic liquid that is synthesized by the oxidation of dimethyl sulphide, or originates as a waste product from wood pulp processing.…”

Section: Dmso Auxiliary Substance Toxicity Fish Embryos and Larvaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carrier solvents may also have toxic effects on organisms (Hallare et al 2006;Ball 1966;Rayburn and Fisher 1997;Benville 1968). Hence, it was necessary to set guidelines that will describe the types and the maximum allowable concentrations of the solvent to be used in experimental systems that will cause no significant impact on the observed results (Hallare et al 2006).Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) is commonly used in fish toxicity tests as a solvent for several water-insoluble substances (Rufli et al 1998;Rayburn et al 1991). DMSO is a colourless hygroscopic liquid that is synthesized by the oxidation of dimethyl sulphide, or originates as a waste product from wood pulp processing.…”

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confidence: 99%

Early Ontogeny, Growth and Mortality of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) at Low Concentrations of Dimethyl Sulfoxide

et al. 2009

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Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) is an important polar aprotic solvent, less toxic than other members of this class. Because of its excellent solvating power, DMSO is frequently used as solvent for chemical reactions involving salts, especially Finkelstein reactions and other nucleophilic substitutions. Furthermore, DMSO is used as auxiliary substance in toxicity tests on aquatic organisms, usually at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.5 ml·l -1 . The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of DMSO on early development, growth and mortality of early life stages in common carp. Tests were performed from fertilized egg to the end of the larval period with continuous exposure to DMSO at concentrations of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 ml·l -1 . Mortality of embryos and larvae, intensity of development and growth, weight and occurrence of abnormalities were analyzed. DMSO exposure at all the tested concentrations did not result in any lethal effects or abnormalities compared to the control over the entire test period (29 days). Growth indicators were similar in DMSO treated (at concentrations of 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 ml·l ) and control groups. However, mean body weight (35 ± 9 mg) of larvae exposed to the highest DMSO concentration (5 ml·l -1 ) tested was significantly lower compared to the control (45 ± 14 mg). DMSO, auxiliary substance, toxicity, fish embryos and larvaeAquatic toxicology tests are designed for readily water soluble substances. However, due to the occurrence of several water-insoluble substances, the use of various solvents is needed. A major concern in toxicology studies is the choice of appropriate solvents. Carrier solvents may also have toxic effects on organisms (Hallare et al. 2006;Ball 1966;Rayburn and Fisher 1997;Benville 1968). Hence, it was necessary to set guidelines that will describe the types and the maximum allowable concentrations of the solvent to be used in experimental systems that will cause no significant impact on the observed results (Hallare et al. 2006).Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) is commonly used in fish toxicity tests as a solvent for several water-insoluble substances (Rufli et al. 1998;Rayburn et al. 1991). DMSO is a colourless hygroscopic liquid that is synthesized by the oxidation of dimethyl sulphide, or originates as a waste product from wood pulp processing. Its chemical structure creates extraordinary properties. The sulphur-oxygen bond determines the polar nature of DMSO with the capability to dissolve sparingly soluble substances, and it is completely miscible in water, common organic solvents and unsaturated hydrocarbons (Willhite and Katz 1984). Furthermore, the chemical structure of DMSO enables it to penetrate membrane barriers by increasing the permeability without affecting the morphologic characteristics of the skin and body membranes. Therefore, DMSO acts as a skin penetration enhancer for drugs and other substances (Kligman 1965a; Kligman 1965b;Jacob et al. 1964;Stoughton and Fritsch 1964). The main applications and properties of DMSO were summarized in reviews...

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“…Since a number of developmental toxicants are hydrophobic, some work has been done on the use of cosolvents in FETAX. Rayburn et al (1991a), Rayburn et al (1991b) and Dresser et al (1992) have used a number of cosolvents in an attempt to solubilize hydrophobic compounds.…”

Section: Data Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compendium of the FY1990 and FY1992 Research Reviews for the Research Methods Branch

Gardner¹

1994

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average I hour per response, including the time for reviewing Instructions, searching existing data sources. gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate Approved for public release; distribution unlimited ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)Since 1983, the U.S. Army Biomedical Research and Development Laboratory (USABRDL) has conducted a research program focused on the development of new methods for assessing the potential hazards resulting from exposure to chemicals in the workplace or the environment. This research has been conducted both in-house and extramurally and has involved scientists from other Federal agencies, academic institutions, and the private sector. The need to enhance the integration of the research became increasingly evident as the program grew in the late 1980's. This growth came principally as a result of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers sponsorship of research to develop environmental applications of new, in vivo hazard assessment models for use in the burgeoning Department of Defense environmental remediation program. One of the many uses of these models is to answer the question, "How clean is clean?" and to assist in the establishment of more realistic clean-up goals for hazardous waste sites.An annual research review meeting was undertaken to facilitate the integration and technology transfer of this research program. This publication is the second 14. SUBJECT TERMS Fish, Medaka, Irout, #13.(Continuation) compendium of these meetings.The papers contained in this document are meant to provide the program management staff with an additional means of reviewing the status and progress of extramural and selected in-house studies in the area of new toxicity assessment models. The papers are, therefore, the principal investigators' (PIs') best efforts to characterize the research at the time of the meeting.Some papers cover the results of several years of research and others outline only the planned research of a new project. The data presented and conclusions of the authors represent the best professional judgment of the respective PI at the time of the workshop but are not equivalent to a peer-reviewed report of completed research. NOTICE DisclaimersThe views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as official Department of the Army position, policy, or decision, unless so designated by official documentation.Citations of commercial organizations or trade names in this paper do not constitute an official Department of the Army endorsement or approval of the products or services of these organizations.Research was conducted in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act, and other Federal statutes and regulati...

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Altered developmental toxicity caused by three carrier solvents

Cited by 24 publications

References 30 publications

Chlorpyrifos and malathion have opposite effects on behaviors and brain size that are not correlated to changes in AChE activity

Chlorpyrifos and malathion have opposite effects on behaviors and brain size that are not correlated to changes in AChE activity

Early Ontogeny, Growth and Mortality of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) at Low Concentrations of Dimethyl Sulfoxide

Compendium of the FY1990 and FY1992 Research Reviews for the Research Methods Branch

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