Altered circadian cortisol secretion in Alzheimer's disease: Clinical and neuroradiological aspects

Giubilei, Franco; Patacchioli, Francesca Romana; Antonini, Giovanni; Monti, Marco; Tisei, Paolo; Bastianello, Stefano; Monnazzi, Paola; Angelucci, L.

doi:10.1002/jnr.1219

Cited by 94 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A dysregulation of cortisol secretion pattern has been associated with different pathologies [16,19]. This study reports that CM appears not to be associated with impairment of circadian variation of cortisol and DHEA-S: the physiological rhythm was maintained in all the subjects, with morning levels significantly higher than in the evening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Previous studies from our group and others showed that saliva allows an easy, stress-free means for monitoring changes of adrenal function in physiological and pathological conditions [8][9][10][11][16][17][18]. The cortisol, DHEA-S and testosterone levels, and accordingly, the cortisol/DHEA-S and testosterone/cortisol ratios, obtained from the saliva appear to be more reliable measurements because salivary levels reflect better than those in plasma the hormone serum fraction that is biologically active [11,12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salivary cortisol, dehydroepiandrosteronesulphate (DHEA–S) and testosterone in women with chronic migraine

et al. 2006

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Hypothalamus–pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis activity was monitored in 20 women with chronic migraine (CM), previously affected by medication overuse headache (MOH), in comparison to healthy women (20 subjects) by measuring salivary cortisol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone–sulphate (DHEA–S) levels, and their ratios, one week after the end of the MOH rehabilitation procedure. The participants were instructed how to collect saliva samples at home, a procedure that was performed twice a day (08:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m.). Morning and evening levels of cortisol were significantly increased in CM patients with respect to controls. With regard to the cortisol/DHEA–S ratio, an inverse marker of psycho–physical wellbeing, CM women showed significantly higher values than controls. Moreover, testosterone/cortisol ratios (anabolic/catabolic index of physical performance) were significantly lower in CM patients than in controls. In the present study, CM appears not to be associated with an impairment of cortisol and DHEAS circadian fluctuation; however, CM patients present alterations in HPA axis function that might contribute to metabolic and psychological alterations that have also been associated with CM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary cortisol, dehydroepiandrosteronesulphate (DHEA–S) and testosterone in women with chronic migraine

et al. 2006

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“…Cortisol dysregulation is commonly found in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) [1][2][3][4][5] and has been related to AD pathology in animals and humans. 4,[6][7][8][9][10] In rodent models, glucocorticoid increases have preceded b-amyloid (Ab) plaques and tau phosphorylation (for review, see references 7 and 8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Long-term cortisol measures predict Alzheimer disease risk

et al. 2017

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Objective: To examine whether long-term measures of cortisol predict Alzheimer disease (AD) risk.Method: We used a prospective longitudinal design to examine whether cortisol dysregulation was related to AD risk. Participants were from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) and submitted multiple 24-hour urine samples over an average interval of 10.56 years. Urinary free cortisol (UFC) and creatinine (Cr) were measured, and a UFC/Cr ratio was calculated to standardize UFC. To measure cortisol regulation, we used within-person UFC/Cr level (i.e., within-person mean), change in UFC/Cr over time (i.e., within-person slope), and UFC/Cr variability (i.e., within-person coefficient of variation). Cox regression was used to assess whether UFC/Cr measures predicted AD risk.Results: UFC/Cr level and UFC/Cr variability, but not UFC/Cr slope, were significant predictors of AD risk an average of 2.9 years before AD onset. Elevated UFC/Cr level and elevated UFC/Cr variability were related to a 1.31-and 1.38-times increase in AD risk, respectively. In a sensitivity analysis, increased UFC/Cr level and increased UFC/Cr variability predicted increased AD risk an average of 6 years before AD onset. Cortisol dysregulation is commonly found in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) 1-5 and has been related to AD pathology in animals and humans. 4,[6][7][8][9][10] In rodent models, glucocorticoid increases have preceded b-amyloid (Ab) plaques and tau phosphorylation (for review, see references 7 and 8). Glucocorticoid treatment in nonhuman primates has been associated with increases in more pathogenic (Ab 42 ) relative to less pathogenic (Ab 40 ) Ab species. 9 In patients with AD, elevations in baseline cortisol have predicted AD progression, 4,6 and in cognitively normal and older adults with AD, higher cortisol has been related to increased Ab brain burden. 10Despite these findings, few prospective longitudinal studies have investigated whether cortisol dysregulation precedes AD. The Rotterdam Study found no significant association between baseline cortisol and risk of incident dementia or AD 7.1 years (range 0.1-9.6 years) later in 243 adults (mean age 72 years).11 These findings are limited, however, by the assessment of cortisol at only one time on 1 day.The current study measured 24-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC) from a mean of 4.3 (range 2-12) samples per person spanning a follow-up interval of 10.56 years (range 1-31 years) to examine cortisol regulation as a predictor of AD onset. UFC was collected from 1,025

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“…Cross-sectional studies reveal that sleep disturbances are associated with memory and cognitive impairment. Clinical studies in AD patients favour disruption of the circadian timing system in AD since numerous overt rhythms including body temperature, glucocorticoid, melatonin and other hormonal rhythms are disturbed [67][68][69]. Phase differences between the rest-activity and core body temperature cycles are significantly delayed in AD patients [70].…”

Section: Sleep-wake Rhythm and Circadian Rhythm Disturbances In Alzhementioning

confidence: 99%

Alzheimer’s Disease: Focus on the Neuroprotective Role of Melatonin

Srinivasan¹

2012

J Neurol Res

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a progressive loss of memory and cognitive function, and by behavioural and sleep disturbances, including insomnia. The pathophysiology of AD has been attributed to oxidative stress-induced amyloid-β protein (Aβ) deposition. Abnormal tau protein, mitochondrial dysfunction and protein hyper-phosphorylation have been demonstrated in neural tissues of AD patients. AD patients exhibit severe sleep-wake disturbances and these sleep disturbances are associated with rapid cognitive decline and memory impairment. Optimally effective management of AD patients will likely require a drug that can arrest Aβ -induced neurotoxic effects and can also restore the disturbed sleep-wake rhythm, with improvement in sleep quality. In this context, the pineal hormone melatonin has been demonstrated to be an effective antioxidant that can prevent Aβ -induced neurotoxic effects through a variety of mechanisms. Sleep deprivation itself produces many effects including oxidative damage, impaired mitochondrial function, neurodegenerative inflammation, altered proteosomal processing and abnormal activation of enzymes. In addition to treating the signs and symptoms of AD, treatment of sleep disturbances may also be necessary for preventing and arresting AD progression. Besides melatonin, a number of melatonergic agonists such as ramelteon, agomelatine and tasimelteon are now used clinically for treating insomnia and other sleep disorders. Their use may also be beneficial in treating Alzheimer's disease.

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Altered circadian cortisol secretion in Alzheimer's disease: Clinical and neuroradiological aspects

Cited by 94 publications

References 30 publications

Salivary cortisol, dehydroepiandrosteronesulphate (DHEA–S) and testosterone in women with chronic migraine

Salivary cortisol, dehydroepiandrosteronesulphate (DHEA–S) and testosterone in women with chronic migraine

Long-term cortisol measures predict Alzheimer disease risk

Alzheimer’s Disease: Focus on the Neuroprotective Role of Melatonin

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