Altered central and peripheral haemodynamics during rhythmic handgrip exercise in young adults with SARS‐CoV‐2

Stute, Nina L.; Stickford, Abigail S.L.; Stickford, Jonathon L.; Province, Valesha M.; Augenreich, Marc; Bunsawat, Kanokwan; Alpenglow, Jeremy K.; Wray, D. Walter; Ratchford, Stephen M.

doi:10.1113/ep089820

Cited by 13 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Subjects tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 using a nasopharyngeal swab polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay 3–4 wk before study inclusion. The current investigation includes subjects from previously published studies ( 2 , 3 , 7 , 13 ) but all data presented are new to this investigation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our group has previously provided evidence of vascular dysfunction ( 3 ) and elevated arterial stiffness ( 2 , 3 ) among young adults 3–4 wk following infection with SARS-CoV-2. These data included significantly attenuated responses to brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, hyperemic response to passive limb movement, and brachial artery blood flow during handgrip exercise, in addition to elevated carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) in young adults with SARS-CoV-2 compared with healthy controls ( 3 , 13 ). Similarly, Schnaubelt et al ( 14 ) observed elevated cfPWV 1 mo after infection with SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Six-month longitudinal tracking of arterial stiffness and blood pressure in young adults following SARS-CoV-2 infection

Szeghy

Stute

Province

et al. 2022

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can increase arterial stiffness 3-4 weeks following infection, even among young, healthy adults. However, the long-term impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cardiovascular health and the duration of recovery remains unknown. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to elucidate potential long-lasting effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on markers of arterial stiffness among young adults during the six months following infection. Methods: Assessments were performed at months 1, 2, 3, 4, and ~6 following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Doppler ultrasound was utilized to measure carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and carotid stiffness, and arterial tonometry was used to measure central blood pressures and aortic augmentation index at a heart rate of 75 beats∙min-1 (AIx@HR75). Vascular (VCAM-1) and intracellular (ICAM-1) adhesion molecules were analyzed as circulating markers of arterial stiffness. Results: From months 1-6, a significant reduction in cfPWV was observed (month1: 5.70±0.73m·s-1; month6: 4.88±0.65m·s-1; p<0.05) without any change in carotid stiffness measures. Reductions in systolic blood pressure (month1: 123±8mmHg; month6: 112±11mmHg) and mean arterial pressure (month1: 97±6mmHg; month6: 86±7mmHg) were observed (p<0.05), although AIx@HR75 did not change over time. The month1-6 change in cfPWV and MAP were correlated (r=0.894; p<0.001). A reduction in VCAM-1 was observed at month 3 compared with month 1 (month1: 5575±2242pg·ml-1; month3: 4636±1621pg·ml-1; p<0.05) without a change in ICAM-1. Conclusion: A reduction in cfPWV was related with MAP, and some indicators of arterial stiffness remain elevated for several months following SARS-CoV-2 infection, possibly contributing to prolonged recovery and increased cardiovascular health risks.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Six-month longitudinal tracking of arterial stiffness and blood pressure in young adults following SARS-CoV-2 infection

Szeghy

Stute

Province

et al. 2022

Journal of Applied Physiology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Indeed, we and others have previously shown that COVID-19 resulted in reduced endothelial function indicated by decreased flow-mediated dilation (FMD) ( 3 – 5 ), impaired microvascular reactivity (i.e., blunted reactive hyperemia) ( 3 , 4 ), and increased arterial stiffness ( 3 , 6 ). Furthermore, persons with COVID-19 were also shown to have potential impairments in cardiovascular autonomic function with elevated muscle sympathetic nervous system activity ( 7 ) and reduced blood flow responses to exercise ( 8 ). Collectively, these findings suggest that COVID-19 negatively influences the cardiovascular and autonomic nervous system in young, otherwise healthy adults, which may result in increased cardiovascular disease risk in this population ( 9 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of breakthrough COVID-19 cases during the omicron wave on vascular health and cardiac autonomic function in young adults

Skow

Nandadeva

Grotle

et al. 2022

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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We show for the first time that breakthrough cases of COVID-19 during the Omicron wave does not impact vascular health and cardiac autonomic function in young adults. These are promising results considering earlier research showing impaired vascular and autonomic function following previous variants of COVID-19. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the recent Omicron variant is not detrimental to cardiovascular health in young, otherwise healthy, vaccinated adults.

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“…Circulating proinflammatory mediators can also cross the blood-brain barrier and directly activate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and/or trigger peripheral receptors stimulating group III/IV afferent feedback, ultimately resulting in exaggerated SNS activity. Interestingly, in young adults ∼1 mo post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, SNS activity was heightened at rest ( 56 ) and the exercise pressor response (elevated heart rate and systolic blood pressure) was exaggerated during isometric handgrip exercise ( 57 ). Taken together, this suggests that impaired autonomic regulation following COVID-19 infection contributes to altered hemodynamics and vascular abnormalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 ). The large decrease in DO 2 highlights the importance of peripheral factors such as impaired hemodynamics ( 57 ), lower hematocrit ( 66 ), and capillary density, along with altered skeletal muscle metabolism in limiting exercise tolerance in COVID-19 survivors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From heart to muscle: pathophysiological mechanisms underlying long-term physical sequelae from SARS-CoV-2 infection

Serviente

Decker

Layec

2022

Journal of Applied Physiology

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The long-term sequelae of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are multifaceted and, besides the lungs, impact other organs and tissues, even in cases of mild infection. Along with commonly reported symptoms such as fatigue and dyspnea, a significant proportion of those with prior COVID-19 infection also exhibit signs of cardiac damage, muscle weakness, and ultimately, poor exercise tolerance. This review provides an overview of evidence indicating cardiac impairments and persistent endothelial dysfunction in the peripheral vasculature of those previously infected with COVID-19, irrespective of the severity of the acute phase of illness. Additionally, VO2peak appears to be lower in convalescent patients, which may stem, in part, from alterations in O2 transport such as impaired diffusional O2conductance. Together, the persistent multi-organ dysfunction induced by COVID-19 may set previously healthy individuals on a trajectory towards frailty and disease. Given the large proportion of individuals recovering from COVID-19, it is critically important to better understand the physical sequelae of COVID-19, the underlying biological mechanisms contributing to these outcomes, and the long-term effects on future disease risk. This review highlights relevant literature on the pathophysiology post-COVID-19 infection, gaps in the literature, and emphasizes the need for the development of evidence-based rehabilitation guidelines.

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Altered central and peripheral haemodynamics during rhythmic handgrip exercise in young adults with SARS‐CoV‐2

Cited by 13 publications

References 93 publications

Six-month longitudinal tracking of arterial stiffness and blood pressure in young adults following SARS-CoV-2 infection

Six-month longitudinal tracking of arterial stiffness and blood pressure in young adults following SARS-CoV-2 infection

Impact of breakthrough COVID-19 cases during the omicron wave on vascular health and cardiac autonomic function in young adults

From heart to muscle: pathophysiological mechanisms underlying long-term physical sequelae from SARS-CoV-2 infection

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