Ältere auf dem Arbeitsmarkt

Abstract

zusammenfassung: Wegen der zunehmenden Lebenszeit und der Schrumpfung der Arbeitsbevölkerung steigt künftig der Bedarf für Ältere im Arbeitsmarkt. Eine stärkere Nutzung des Humankapitals der Älteren wird auch in Deutschland möglich sein. Dafür spricht nicht nur, dass die Erwerbsquoten im internationalen Vergleich noch gering sind. Wichtig ist vielmehr, dass staatliche Anreize zur Frühverrentung weitgehend abgestellt wurden, die Altersdiskriminierung durch Unternehmen zurückgeht und die Erwerbstätigkeit über die rein demografischen Faktoren hinaus wegen einer deutlich zunehmenden Erwerbsneigung kräftig angestiegen ist. Diese Entwicklung wird auch dadurch unterstützt, dass ein Strukturwandel von Berufen, die mit körperlicher Anstrengung verbunden sind, zu solchen mit hohen Qualifikationsanforderungen erfolgt, was Arbeit im Alter begünstigt.summary: Due to a rising life expectancy and a shrinking labor force, there is an increasing societal need to employ elder people. This will also be possible in Germany. This is not only supported by the fact that work participation of the elderly is still low in an international comparison. It is even more important that governmental early retirement schemes were practically abolished, age discrimination of companies have decreased and the labor force participation has significantly increased beyond demographic factors due to a rising desire to work. This is supported by a structural change in the relevance of professions from those requiring physical efforts to those requiring high qualifications, both of which encourages old-age work.JEL Classification: J14, J26 → Keywords: Employment and unemployment, employment of older persons, change in the structure of → the workforce

Further Training for Older Workers: A Solution for an Ageing Labour Force?

“…The qualification level of older workers in Germany has increased over the last years and was mainly a result of the educational boom in the mid-1960s (Brenke & Zimmermann, 2011). According to the Microcensus, 33 percent of men and 40 percent of women aged 55 to 74 in Germany did not complete vocational education in 2001, whereas in 2008 it was lowered to one out of eight men and one third of women (Brenke & Zimmermann, 2011).…”

“…end of public subsidies for partial retirement), it became unattractive for older workers. In 2010, for example, the number of employees using the option of partial retirement was 90,000 compared to 100,000 in the year before (Brenke & Zimmermann, 2011).…”

“…Furthermore, high replacement rate (75 percent of gross income) which can be reached with 40 years of service is another feature represents the generosity of civil servants pension system compared to the private sector pension. 76 The decision for self-employment requires enough work experience and therefore this group of workers tend to be older (Brenke & Zimmermann, 2011 were employed in 1998 compared to 45 percent in 2010. This can be mainly attributed to the increased importance of part-time employment among older female.…”

“…According to the Microcensus, 33 percent of men and 40 percent of women aged 55 to 74 in Germany did not complete vocational education in 2001, whereas in 2008 it was lowered to one out of eight men and one third of women (Brenke & Zimmermann, 2011).…”

“…While studies indicate that qualification level plays an important role in contributing for the increased labour force participation of older workers (Brenke & Zimmermann, 2011;Federal Statistical Office, 2011), improving the skill level of older workers should result in both, an increased labour force participation and an improved employability. Nevertheless, predictions for the following decades point out to only a slight increase in the educational level of older workers in Germany (e.g.…”