Alterations to Plasma Melatonin and Cortisol After Evening Alprazolam Administration in Humans

McIntyre, Iain M.; Norman, Trevor R.; Burrows, Graham D.; Armstrong, Stuart

doi:10.3109/07420529309073889

Cited by 58 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…However, Zhao et al (13) found no relation between cardiovascular disease (ischemic heart disease or high blood pressure) and melatonin level. Concerning drugs, benzodiazepines have been found to reduce nocturnal melatonin secretion (27,28), most likely via pineal benzodiazepine receptors (29,30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pineal volume and circadian melatonin profile in healthy volunteers: An interdisciplinary approach

Nölte

Lütkhoff

Stuck

et al. 2009

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose: To correlate pineal parenchyma volume (PP) to circadian melatonin profiles and to determine the 24-hour melatonin per volume of pineal tissue (MLPV). Furthermore, we compared melatonin profiles of cystic and solid glands. Methods:In 15 healthy male subjects (20 -27 years) the PP was determined using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (trueFISP, isotropic voxel: 0.8 mm 3 ). Melatonin plasma concentrations (MC) were determined every 2 hours for 24 hours.Results: Mean PP was 125 Ϯ 54 mm 3 . PP correlated linearly to maximum MC and to 24-hour melatonin (r ϭ 0.61 and r ϭ 0.64, P Ͻ 0.05) but not to minimum MC. The 24-hour melatonin was 653 Ϯ 242.6 pg/mL, MLPV was 5.8 Ϯ 2.3 pg/mL*ml Ϫ1 . Nine pineal glands were solid and six were cystic. PP of solid glands showed higher linear correlations to maximum melatonin, to 24-hour melatonin, and to the slope of the melatonin increase of the curve (P Ͻ 0.05). Conclusion:PP correlates linearly to melatonin plasma concentrations in humans. MLPV displays similar interindividual differences as 24-hour melatonin. PP of solid glands show better correlation to melatonin profiles than cystic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pineal volume and circadian melatonin profile in healthy volunteers: An interdisciplinary approach

Nölte

Lütkhoff

Stuck

et al. 2009

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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“…Measurement interference can arise from bleeding gums (Pullman et al, 2012), toothpaste (Figueiro & Rea, 2010), caffeine, tobacco and alcohol (Hartter et al, 2006;Zhou et al, 2009) leading to erratic values. Further, benzodiazepines (Hajak et al, 1996;McIntyre et al, 1988;McIntyre et al, 1993), beta blockers (Scheer et al, 2012;Stoschitzky et al, 1999;Vijayasarathy et al, 2010), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Murphy et al, 1996), anticoagulants (Zhou et al, 2009), diabetes medications (Nagorny & Lyssenko, 2012) and oral contraceptives (Hilli et al, 2008) have been associated with low melatonin values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin rhythms in renal transplant recipients with sleep–wake disturbances

Burkhalter

Geest

Wirz‐Justice

et al. 2016

Chronobiology International

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We assessed salivary melatonin levels in renal transplant (RTx) recipients who participated in a randomised, multicentre wait-list controlled trial on the effect of bright light therapy on their sleep and circadian rhythms. A large proportion of RTx recipients in our cohort had unexpectedly low melatonin values, which precluded calculation of the dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO) as a circadian marker. Thus, the aim of this post hoc analysis was to describe the melatonin profile of home-dwelling RTx recipients diagnosed with sleep-wake disturbances (SWDs). The participants were characterised by means of sleep questionnaires, validated psychometric instruments [Pittsburgh sleep quality Index (PSQI), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS)] in addition to melatonin assay in saliva. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics and group comparisons made with appropriate post hoc tests. RTx recipients [n = 29 (aged 54.83 ± 13.73, transplanted 10.62 ± 6.84 years ago)] were retrospectively grouped into two groups: RTx recipients whose dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) could be calculated (n = 11) and those whose DLMO could not be calculated (n = 18). RTx recipients having a measurable DLMO had a number of differences from those without DLMO: they were younger [46.4 ± 14.9

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“…Acute administration of various benzodiazepines (BZPs) has been associated with a decrease in basal plasma cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations, consistent with a decrease in the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis activity (Beary et al, 1983;Boulenger et al, 1989;Bruni et al, 1980;Charney et al, 1986;Curtis et al, 1997;De Souza, 1990;Gram et al, 1984;Laakmann et al, 1984;McIntyre et al, 1993;Osman et al, 1993;Risby et al, 1989;Roy-Byrne et al, 1991;Schuckit et al, 1992;Tormey et al, 1979;Zemishlany et al, 1990). BZPs have also been shown to attenuate or block the increase in plasma cortisol associated with various types of acute stressors, such as preoperative stress, painful electrical stimulation, hypoglycemia, and metabolic stress (Breier et al, 1991;Collomp et al, 1994;Goldstein et al, 1982;Joyner et al, 1998;Judd et al, 1995;Kertesz et al, 1985;Melsom et al, 1976;Pruneti et al, 2002;Rodriguez-Huertas et al, 1992;Roy-Byrne et al, 1988;Santagostino et al, 1996;Sevy et al, 1994;Torpy et al, 1993Torpy et al, , 1994Vongsavan et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interdose Elevation in Plasma Cortisol During Chronic Treatment with Alprazolam but not Lorazepam in the Elderly

Pomara

Willoughby

Ritchie

et al. 2003

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Benzodiazepines (BZPs) have been shown to reduce hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity acutely in normal humans. In contrast, the effects of chronic BZP treatment on the HPA axis have not been well studied, especially in the geriatric population. This study examined the acute and chronic effects (3 weeks) of alprazolam and lorazepam on plasma cortisol in 68 subjects (60-83 years) who received 0.25 or 0.50 mg b.i.d. alprazolam, or 0.50 or 1.0 mg b.i.d. lorazepam, or placebo orally according to a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled parallel design. Memory assessment and blood samples for plasma cortisol were obtained prior to the morning dose on days 0, 7, 14, and 21, and at 1, 2.5, and 5 h postdrug on days 0 and 21. Assessments of anxiety and depression were carried out at days 0, 7, 14, and 21 before drug administration. Plasma cortisol was affected compared to placebo only by the 0.5 mg alprazolam dose. During the first and the last day of treatment, there was a significant drop in cortisol at 2.5 h after alprazolam compared to placebo. The predose cortisol levels increased significantly during chronic alprazolam treatment, and correlations were found between these cortisol changes and changes in depression, anxiety, and memory scores. These findings suggest that even a short period of chronic treatment with alprazolam, but not lorazepam, may result in interdose HPA axis activation in the elderly, consistent with drug withdrawal. If confirmed, this effect may contribute to an increased risk for drug escalation and dependence during chronic alprazolam treatment.

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Alterations to Plasma Melatonin and Cortisol After Evening Alprazolam Administration in Humans

Cited by 58 publications

References 41 publications

Pineal volume and circadian melatonin profile in healthy volunteers: An interdisciplinary approach

Pineal volume and circadian melatonin profile in healthy volunteers: An interdisciplinary approach

Melatonin rhythms in renal transplant recipients with sleep–wake disturbances

Interdose Elevation in Plasma Cortisol During Chronic Treatment with Alprazolam but not Lorazepam in the Elderly

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