Alterations of the oral and gut mycobiome and cytokines during long-term follow-up of COVID-19 convalescents

Ren, Zhigang; Liu, Shanshuo; Wang, Qiong; Rao, Benchen; Zeng, Zhaohai; Xu, Ying; Li, Ang; Luo, Hong; Gou, Jianjun; Yu, Zujiang

doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01417-4

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, similar studies have been performed in the general population, where normalization of the serum levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL2, IL4, IL10, TNF, and IFNG [34] was observed after three weeks of SARS-CoV-2 resolution. However, contradictory results were shown by Ren and colleagues (2023) and Loretelli et al (2021), as increasing circulating levels of the SASP-related cytokine CXCL8 were observed after 4.5 months [35] and 1 year [36] of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, a recent report described IL12B and IL13 as altered cytokines 3 months after resolution of SARS-CoV-2 infection [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the senescence profile and immune checkpoints in HIV-infected individuals after COVID-19

Crespo-Bermejo,

Brochado-Kith,

Grande-García

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Both SARS-CoV-2 and HIV infection exhibit alterations in the senescence profile and immune checkpoint (IC) molecules. However, the midterm impact of SARS-CoV-2 on these profiles in people with HIV (PWH) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate differences in plasma biomarker levels related to ICs, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in PWH following recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 95 PWH receiving antiretroviral therapy, stratified by SARS-CoV-2 infection status: a) 48 previously infected (HIV/SARS) and b) 47 controls without previous infection (HIV). Plasma biomarkers (n=44) were assessed using Procartaplex Multiplex Immunoassays. Differences were analyzed using a generalized linear model adjusted for sex and ethnicity and corrected for the false discovery rate. Significant values were defined as an adjusted arithmetic mean ratio ≥1.2 or ≤0.8 and a qvalue<0.1. Spearman correlation evaluated relationships between plasma biomarkers (significant correlations, rho≥0.3 and q value<0.1). Results: The median age of the PWH was 45 years, and 80% were men. All SARS-CoV-2-infected PWH experienced symptomatic infection; 83.3% had mild symptomatic infection, and sample collection occurred at a median of 12 weeks postdiagnosis. The HIV/SARS group showed higher levels of ICs (CD80, PDCD1LG2, CD276, PDCD1, CD47, HAVCR2, TIMD4, TNFRSF9, TNFRSF18, and TNFRSF14), SASP (LTA, CXCL8, and IL13), and inflammatory plasma biomarkers (IL4, IL12B, IL17A, CCL3, CCL4, and INF1A) than did the HIV group. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 infection in PWH causes significant midterm disruptions in plasma ICs and inflammatory cytokine levels, highlighting SASP-related factors, which could be risk factors for the emergence of complications in PWH.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the senescence profile and immune checkpoints in HIV-infected individuals after COVID-19

Crespo-Bermejo,

Brochado-Kith,

Grande-García

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Current research has shown that the gut microbiota of patients infected with COVID-19 is disrupted, and long-term disturbances occur after nucleic acid testing is negative. The composition of human gut microbiota may be associated with the risk of complications or persistent symptoms after several months of infection with COVID-19 ( Liu Q. et al, 2022 ; Ren et al, 2023 ). By regulating intestinal microbiota, gastrointestinal symptoms of patients with “Long COVID” syndrome can be alleviated ( Wang et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The causal role of gut microbiota in susceptibility of Long COVID: a Mendelian randomization study

Li,

Xia,

Feng

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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BackgroundLong COVID is a major challenge facing the public. Gut microbiota is closely related to Long COVID. However, the causal effects between gut microbiota and Long COVID remains unclear.MethodsUsing summary statistics from Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS), Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and Long COVID. The primary statistical method employed was Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW). Sensitivity analyses were then conducted to evaluate the reliability of the findings and account for potential confounding variables. Finally, a reverse MR analysis was conducted to examine potential associations between Long COVID and genetically predicted gut microbiota compositions.ResultsThere were 2 positive and 1 negative causal effect between gut microbiota and Long COVID. Meta-analysis results show that genus Parasutterella (OR = 1.145, 95%CI = 1.035 ∼ 1.266, P = 0.008) and genus Oscillospira (OR = 1.425, 95%CI = 1.235 ∼ 1.645, P < 0.001) significantly increased the risk of Long COVID. And genus Eisenbergiella (OR = 0.861, 95%CI = 0.785 ∼ 0.943, P = 0.001) significantly decreased the risk of Long COVID. Neither the pleiotropy nor the heterogeneity was observed. Reverse causal effect does not hold.ConclusionOur research has provided genetic evidence that establishes multiple causal relationships between the gut microbiota and Long COVID, supporting the role of the gut microbiota in Long COVID. It is possible that different taxa play a role in the development of Long COVID. The causal relationships identified in this study require further investigation.

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“…Researchers provided thought-provoking findings highlighting the importance of maintaining good intestinal health in order to prevent viral infections, such as the one caused by SARS-CoV2 in the recent pandemic that struck our planet. The authors also suggested that future studies could focus on gut viromes and gut mycobiomes which play a role in COVID-19 [9,10].…”

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confidence: 99%

Special Issue: Gut Microbiota in Disease and Health 2.0

Gómez Garre,

Modrego

2024

IJMS

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Alterations of the oral and gut mycobiome and cytokines during long-term follow-up of COVID-19 convalescents

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Changes in the senescence profile and immune checkpoints in HIV-infected individuals after COVID-19

Changes in the senescence profile and immune checkpoints in HIV-infected individuals after COVID-19

The causal role of gut microbiota in susceptibility of Long COVID: a Mendelian randomization study

Special Issue: Gut Microbiota in Disease and Health 2.0

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