Alterations of the frequency and functions of follicular regulatory T cells and related mechanisms in HIV infection

Zhao, Shuang; Xu, Wen; Tang, Bo; Hong, Wei-Guo; Zhang, Zheng; Chen, Weiwei; Zhao, Min

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.014

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The TFR of HIV + patients had anti-apoptotic properties, high proliferation rate and T SCM -like properties, which leaded to the expansion of TFR, which in turn leaded to the dysfunction of TFH. Therefore, TFR cells may also become a new and potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HIV infection (158). How to target T SCM therapy to provide new ideas for the development of new strategies for HIV-1 vaccines and immunotherapy still needs to continue to be explored and studied.…”

Section: The Importance Of T Scm In Hiv-1 Immunotherapy and Vaccine Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapeutic Potential of T Memory Stem Cells

Yang

et al. 2021

Front. Oncol.

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Memory T cells include T memory stem cells (TSCM) and central memory T cells (TCM). Compared with effector memory T cells (TEM) and effector T cells (TEFF), they have better durability and anti-tumor immunity. Recent studies have shown that although TSCM has excellent self-renewal ability and versatility, if it is often exposed to antigens and inflammatory signals, TSCM will behave as a variety of inhibitory receptors such as PD-1, TIM-3 and LAG-3 expression, and metabolic changes from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. These changes can lead to the exhaustion of T cells. Cumulative evidence in animal experiments shows that it is the least differentiated cell in the memory T lymphocyte system and is a central participant in many physiological and pathological processes in humans. It has a good clinical application prospect, so it is more and more important to study the factors affecting the formation of TSCM. This article summarizes and prospects the phenotypic and functional characteristics of TSCM, the regulation mechanism of formation, and its application in treatment of clinical diseases.

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Section: The Importance Of T Scm In Hiv-1 Immunotherapy and Vaccine Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapeutic Potential of T Memory Stem Cells

Yang

et al. 2021

Front. Oncol.

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“…However, the results were not as reliable as traditional flow cytometry (Supplementary Materials Figure S1) because mass cytometry is less sensitive with respect to FOXP3 detection [39]. Furthermore, peripheral blood TFR (CD4 + CXCR5 + CD25 high CD25 low ) and TFH (CD3 + CD4 + CXCR5 + CD127 neg to dim CD127 dim to bright ) cells were recently found to harbor a comparable level of HIV-1 DNA in HIV-positive patients [40]. Due to high levels of CCR5 expression, pTFR cells could potentially be infected by HIV and contribute to HIV persistence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Characterization of T Follicular Helper Cells and T Follicular Regulatory Cells in HIV-Infected and Sero-Negative Individuals

Salvatore

Resop

Gordon

et al. 2023

Cells

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Humoral immune response is important in fighting pathogens by the production of specific antibodies by B cells. In germinal centers, T follicular helper (TFH) cells provide important help to B-cell antibody production but also contribute to HIV persistence. T follicular regulatory (TFR) cells, which inhibit the function of TFH cells, express similar surface markers. Since FOXP3 is the only marker that distinguishes TFR from TFH cells it is unknown whether the increase in TFH cells observed in HIV infection and HIV persistence may be partly due to an increase in TFR cells. Using multicolor flow cytometry to detect TFH and TFR cells in cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-infected and non-infected participants in the UCLA Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), we identified CD3+CXCR5+CD4+CD8−BCL6+ peripheral blood TFH (pTFH) cells and CD3+CXCR5+CD4+CD8−FOXP3+ peripheral blood TFR (pTFR) cells. Unlike TFR cells in germinal centers, pTFR cells do not express B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6), a TFH cell master transcriptional regulator. Our major findings are that the frequency of pTFH cells, but not pTFR cells was higher in HIV-infected participants of the MACS and that pTFH cells expressed less CCR5 in HIV-infected MACS participants. Constitutive expression of CCR5 in TFR cells supports their potential to contribute to HIV persistence.

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“…Despite the strong immune homeostatic regulatory function, IL-10 contributed to the establishment and persistence of viral reservoirs in SIV-infected rhesus monkeys following antiretroviral therapy (29). In another study, the high expression of IL10 and CTLA-4 in the follicular regulatory T cells (Tfr) of untreated HIV-infected patients inhibited the function of follicular helper T cells (Tfh), resulting in an imbalance between Tfr cells and Tfh cells and a deficiency in humoral immunity (30). However, in this study, we discovered that IL10 was positively correlated with CD4 + T-cell counts and that its level in LTNPs or VPs was higher than in VPs, indicating that IL10 had a protective effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma proteomics analysis of Chinese HIV-1 infected individuals focusing on the immune and inflammatory factors afford insight into the viral control mechanism

Ni,

Ren,

Liao

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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BackgroundLong-term non-progressors (LTNPs) with HIV infection can naturally control viral replication for up to a decade without antiretroviral therapy (ART), but the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon remain elusive.MethodsTo investigate the relevant immune and inflammatory factors associated with this natural control mechanism, we collected plasma samples from 16 LTNPs, 14 untreated viral progressors (VPs), 17 successfully ART-treated patients (TPs), and 16 healthy controls (HCs). The OLINK immune response panel and inflammation panel were employed to detect critical proteins, and the plasma neutralizing activity against a global panel of pseudoviruses was assessed using TZM-bl cells.ResultsThe combination of IL17C, IL18, DDX58, and NF2 contributed to discriminating LTNPs and VPs. IL18 and CCL25 were positively associated with CD4+ T cell counts but negatively correlated with viral load. Furthermore, CXCL9 and CXCL10 emerged as potential supplementary diagnostic markers for assessing the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Finally, TNFRSF9 displayed positive correlations with neutralization breadth and Geometry Median Titer (GMT) despite the lack of significant differences between LTNPs and VPs.ConclusionIn summary, this study identified a set of biomarkers in HIV-infected individuals at different disease stages. These markers constitute a potential network for immune balance regulation in HIV infection, which is related to the long-term control of HIV by LTNPs. It provides important clues for further exploring the immune regulatory mechanism of HIV.

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Alterations of the frequency and functions of follicular regulatory T cells and related mechanisms in HIV infection

Cited by 7 publications

References 48 publications

Immunotherapeutic Potential of T Memory Stem Cells

Immunotherapeutic Potential of T Memory Stem Cells

Characterization of T Follicular Helper Cells and T Follicular Regulatory Cells in HIV-Infected and Sero-Negative Individuals

Plasma proteomics analysis of Chinese HIV-1 infected individuals focusing on the immune and inflammatory factors afford insight into the viral control mechanism

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