Alterations of the biomarker S-100B and NSE in patients with acute vertebral spine fractures

The developing landscape of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for spinal cord injury in cerebrospinal fluid and blood

“…Measurement of S100β 397 has potential as an acute marker of SCI, as it is significantly increased in the blood (76,77,81) and 398 CSF (76) of rats at 6h after severe contusion injury compared to sham injury. In the human acute 399 setting (<48h), S100β is also increased in the serum of patients with vertebral spine fractures (mean=0.77 μg/L; n=34) compared to uninjured patients (0.14 μg/L; n=29) (78) …”

“…Both types of injury tissue damage and include neurofilaments (NF) (9), Tau (10), neuron specific enolase (NSE) (11), 137 S100 calcium-binding protein β (S100β) (11) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (9). These 138 tissue specific biomarkers (discussed in greater detail below) hold great promise as they are typically 139 released into the CSF then taken up into the blood stream, allowing for their detection local to the 140 injury site and systemically.…”

“…Again, in humans NSE has only been assessed in the acute 380 period post-injury (≤24h) (9,78) and measurement outside of this timeframe may be inappropriate 381 with respect to the short half-life of this protein. and plasma showed significantly greater levels of NSE in moderately and severely injured rats (with 386 greater NSE levels in the severely vs. moderately injured) compared to mildly injured animals (77).…”

The Next Generation of Biomarker Research in Spinal Cord Injury

“…Ahadi et al (2015) recently found that also serum NSE levels were significantly higher during the first 48 hours after injury in the 26 traumatic SCI patients included in the study compared to the control group [19]. In a population of 34 patients with vertebral spine fractures, however, the analysis of NSE levels revealed no significant difference [20].…”

“…S100B is a dimeric calcium-binding protein localized predominantly in astroglial and Schwann cells and is the most intensively studied marker in SCI. Both serum and CSF levels of S100B are elevated in SCI patients [22,20,18,28]. The concentration of S100B was significantly higher in patients with a motor complete injury compared to patients with motor incomplete injury [18,22].…”