Alterations of Plasma Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in Children with Refractory Epilepsies

Gakharia, Tatia; Bakhtadze, S; Lim, Ming; Khachapuridze, N; Kapanadze, N

doi:10.3390/children9101506

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…In several studies of our review [36,41,42,52,53] some chemokines have been found to be increased. The one that has been identified in the largest number of studies is CCL2, a potent chemoattractant protein for monocytes, and hence is alternatively referred to as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1).…”

Section: Chemokinesmentioning

confidence: 75%

Biomarkers of Neuroinflammation and Epileptogenesis: A Systematic Review

Aguilar-Castillo,

Cabezudo-García,

Garcia-Martin

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Introduction: A central role for neuroinflammation in epileptogenesis has recently been suggested by several investigations. This systematic review explores the role of inflammatory mediators in epileptogenesis, its association with seizure severity, and its correlation with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Material and Methods: The study analysed articles published in JCR journals from 2019 to 2024, including retrospective, prospective, case-control, or cross-sectional studies. It combined MESH and free terms for "Epileptogenesis" and "Neuroinflammation" and included searches for biomarkers previously reported in narrative reviews. Results: The study analysed 243 articles related to epileptogenesis and neuroinflammation, with 356 from selective searches by biomarker type. After eliminating duplicates, 324 articles were evaluated, with 272 excluded and 52 evaluated by authors. 21 articles were included in the qualitative evaluation, including 18 case-control studies, 2 case series, and 1 prospective study. This systematic review provides acceptable support for five biomarkers: TNF-a and some of its soluble receptors (sTNFr2), HMGB1 and TLR-4, CCL2 and IL-33. Discussions: Certain receptors, cytokines, and chemokines are examples of neuroinflammation-related biomarkers that may be crucial for the early diagnosis of refractory epilepsy or may be connected to the control levels of epileptic patients. Their value will be better defined by future studies.

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Section: Chemokinesmentioning

confidence: 75%

Biomarkers of Neuroinflammation and Epileptogenesis: A Systematic Review

Aguilar-Castillo,

Cabezudo-García,

Garcia-Martin

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In several studies of our review [38,49,54,55,57], levels of some chemokines were found to be increased. The one that was identified in the largest number of studies was CCL2, a potent chemoattractant protein for monocytes, and hence is alternatively referred to as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1).…”

Section: Chemokinesmentioning

confidence: 75%

A Systematic Review of the Predictive and Diagnostic Uses of Neuroinflammation Biomarkers for Epileptogenesis

Aguilar-Castillo,

Cabezudo-García,

García-Martín

et al. 2024

IJMS

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A central role for neuroinflammation in epileptogenesis has recently been suggested by several investigations. This systematic review explores the role of inflammatory mediators in epileptogenesis, its association with seizure severity, and its correlation with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). The study analysed articles published in JCR journals from 2019 to 2024. The search strategy comprised the MESH, free terms of “Neuroinflammation”, and selective searches for the following single biomarkers that had previously been selected from the relevant literature: “High mobility group box 1/HMGB1”, “Toll-Like-Receptor 4/TLR-4”, “Interleukin-1/IL-1”, “Interleukin-6/IL-6”, “Transforming growth factor beta/TGF-β”, and “Tumour necrosis factor-alpha/TNF-α”. These queries were all combined with the MESH terms “Epileptogenesis” and “Epilepsy”. We found 243 articles related to epileptogenesis and neuroinflammation, with 356 articles from selective searches by biomarker type. After eliminating duplicates, 324 articles were evaluated, with 272 excluded and 55 evaluated by the authors. A total of 21 articles were included in the qualitative evaluation, including 18 case–control studies, 2 case series, and 1 prospective study. As conclusion, this systematic review provides acceptable support for five biomarkers, including TNF-α and some of its soluble receptors (sTNFr2), HMGB1, TLR-4, CCL2 and IL-33. Certain receptors, cytokines, and chemokines are examples of neuroinflammation-related biomarkers that may be crucial for the early diagnosis of refractory epilepsy or may be connected to the control of epileptic seizures. Their value will be better defined by future studies.

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“…[ 35 ] Thus, COX-2-coupled PGE2 release may induce seizures through epileptogenesis-related mechanisms. [ 36 37 ] Yasmen et al . [ 38 ] proved that administering small-molecule inhibitors of microsomal PGE synthase-1 blunts brain inflammation and is neuroprotective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of quercetin against pilocarpine-induced epilepsy in mice

Abdulsahib,

Al-Radeef

2024

Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology &Amp; Research

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Globally, an estimated 50 million people are affected by epilepsy, a persistent, noncommunicable neurological ailment. Quercetin (QR) is a prevalent flavonoid substance extensively dispersed throughout agricultural life. In a pilocarpine (PILO)-induced epilepsy model in mice, this investigation aimed to determine whether QR has an antiepileptic effect and explore its putative mechanism of action. Fifty mice were allocated into seven groups, with six in every group. The first group received physiological saline, the second group was given diazepam (1 mg/kg), and four groups were administered QR at 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg, respectively. The seventh group (the induction group) received normal saline. After 30 min, all groups were injected intraperitoneally with PILO. The impact of QR on motor coordination was assessed using the rotarod test, while measures such as latency to first seizure, generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS), number of convulsions, and mortality were recorded. Serum samples were collected through the retro-orbital route to measure prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) levels. QR showed no significant difference in motor impairment, but increased duration until the initial seizure occurred and declined the mortality rate, duration of GTCS, and incidence of convulsions. All doses of QR significantly reduced PGE2 levels (P ≤ 0.05). However, QR’s effect on IL-1β reduction was statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). QR’s capacity to inhibit PILO-induced epilepsy by decreasing IL-1 and PGE2 levels is supported by this study. The results of this work indicate that QR could have a function to treat acute epilepsy.

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Alterations of Plasma Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in Children with Refractory Epilepsies

Cited by 9 publications

References 74 publications

Biomarkers of Neuroinflammation and Epileptogenesis: A Systematic Review

Biomarkers of Neuroinflammation and Epileptogenesis: A Systematic Review

A Systematic Review of the Predictive and Diagnostic Uses of Neuroinflammation Biomarkers for Epileptogenesis

Effect of quercetin against pilocarpine-induced epilepsy in mice

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