Alterations of Na+/K+-ATPase, cholinergic and antioxidant enzymes activity by protocatechuic acid in cadmium-induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in Wistar rats

Adefegha, Stephen A.; Oboh, Ganiyu; Omojokun, Olasunkanmi S.; Adefegha, Omowunmi Monisola

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.017

Cited by 43 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Chlorogenic acid (41), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (43) and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (44) were detected in all samples, while 4-caffeoylquinic acid (42) was observed only in dichloromethane and infused extracts. On the other hand, protocatechuic acid (34) and 3,4,5-tricaffeoylquinic acid (45) were detected only in the organic samples. Furthermore, the presence of gentisic acid (35) was identified in all extracts except the ethyl acetate, whereas its derivative, gentisic acid-O-hexoside (40), was detected only in methanolic and dichloromethane extracts.…”

Section: Carboxylic Phenolic and Acylquinic Acids Phenylethanoid Glmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…One carboxylic (quinic acid, 37), five phenolic acids including three hydroxybenzoic acids (salicylic 33, protocatechuic 34 and gentisic acid 35), three hydroxycinnamic acids including (caffeic 36 and ferulic 38 acids), two monoacylquinic (chlorogenic 41 and 4-caffeoylquinic acid 42), two diacylquinic acids (3,5-dicaffeoylquinic 43 and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acids 44) and one triacylquinic acid (45) were found in the studied A. aspera extracts ( Table 2). Moreover, two hexosides of salicylic (39) and gentisic acids (40) as well as six flavonoids (46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51) were identified.…”

Section: Carboxylic Phenolic and Acylquinic Acids Phenylethanoid Glmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite there being an high TPC, the absence of protocatechuic acid or 3,4,5-tricaffeoylquinic acid in the infused extract might account for its inability to inhibit AChE. Protocatechuic acid is reported to possess antioxidant and neuroprotective effects, closely intertwined [45]. In fact, Adefegha and colleagues [34] showed that protocatechuic acid, by regulating cholinesterases and brain antioxidant enzyme activities, suppresses cadmium-induced neurotoxicity, in rats.…”

Section: Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Qualitative Phytochemical Fingerprint and Network Pharmacology Investigation of Achyranthes aspera Linn. Extracts

et al. 2020

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Achyranthes aspera Linn. (Amaranthaceae), commonly known as the Prickly Chaff flower, is used as herbal medicine in the Ivorian’s culture, Africa. Nonetheless, there is currently a paucity of scientific information on A. aspera from the Ivory Coast. Herein, the antioxidant activity of A. aspera extracts (methanol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and infusion) as well as the enzymatic inhibitory potentials towards key enzymes in human diseases, namely Alzheimer’s disease, (cholinesterases: AchE and BChE), type 2 diabetes (α-glucosidase and α-amylase) and hyperpigmentation (tyrosinase) were assessed. The total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) content was determined using colorimetric methods and the individual compounds were characterized using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Furthermore, a network pharmacology analysis was conducted to predict putative targets of identified phenolic compounds. The highest TPC was observed in the infused extract (28.86 ± 0.12 mg GAE/g), while the dichloromethane extract (38.48 ± 1.48 mg RE/g) showed the highest level of TFC. UHPLC-HRMS analysis has revealed an abundance of fatty acids, flavonoids, phenols and acylquinic acids. Among tested extracts, the infused extract displayed the highest free radical quenching, reducing and metal-chelating ability. The extracts (except infusion) were effective as enzyme inhibitors against AChE, while only methanolic and infused extracts showed noteworthy anti-BChE effects. The methanolic extract showed a remarkable antityrosinase effect (56.24 ± 5.05 mg KAE/g), as well. Modest to moderate inhibitory activity was observed against α-amylase (all extracts) and α-glucosidase (only dichloromethane extract). Finally, the network pharmacology analysis suggested the carbonic anhydrase II enzyme as a putative target for explaining, at least in part, the traditional use of A. aspera preparations as diuretic and blood clotting agent. Data amassed herein tend to validate the use of A. aspera in traditional medicine, as well as act as a stepping stone for further studies in the quest for novel phytopharmaceuticals. In this context, it is desirable that this study will contribute to the validation of the traditional uses of this plant in the African herbal medicine, and to the valorization of the whole chain production of A. aspera, as a local and sustainable botanical resource.

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Section: Carboxylic Phenolic and Acylquinic Acids Phenylethanoid Glmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Carboxylic Phenolic and Acylquinic Acids Phenylethanoid Glmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Qualitative Phytochemical Fingerprint and Network Pharmacology Investigation of Achyranthes aspera Linn. Extracts

et al. 2020

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“…Protocatechuic acid has been isolated from the rhizomes of S. roxburghiana . Protocatechuic acid has been reported to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect (Tsai and Yin, 2012; Adefegha et al, 2016; Erukainure et al, 2017). Protocatechuic acid has also been reported to possess hypoglycemic activity against experimentally induced type I diabetic rats without effecting the glycemic status of normal rats (Harini and Pugalendi, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocatechuic Acid, a Phenolic from Sansevieria roxburghiana Leaves, Suppresses Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via Stimulating Glucose Metabolism, Ameliorating Oxidative Stress, and Inhibiting Inflammation

et al. 2017

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Persistent hyperglycemia, impairment of redox status and establishment of inflammatory pathophysiology integrally play important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC). Present study examined the therapeutic potential of protocatechuic acid isolated from the Sansevieria roxburghiana rhizomes against DC employing rodent model of type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D was induced by high fat diet + a low-single dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg, i.p.). T2D rats exhibited significantly (p < 0.01) high fasting blood glucose level. Alteration in serum lipid profile (p < 0.01) and increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.01) and creatine kinase (p < 0.01) in the sera of T2D rats revealed the occurrence of hyperlipidemia and diabetic pathophysiology. A significantly (p < 0.01) high levels of serum C-reactive protein and pro-inflammatory mediators revealed the establishment of inflammatory occurrence in T2D rats. Besides, significantly high levels of troponins in the sera revealed the establishment of cardiac dysfunctions in T2D rats. However, protocatechuic acid (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) treatment could significantly reverse the changes in serum biochemical parameters related to cardiac dysfunctions. Molecular mechanism studies demonstrated impairment of signaling cascade, IRS1/PI3K/Akt/AMPK/p 38/GLUT4, in glucose metabolism in the skeletal muscle of T2D rats. Significant (p < 0.01) activation of polyol pathway, enhanced production of AGEs, oxidative stress and up-regulation of inflammatory signaling cascades (PKC/NF-κB/PARP) were observed in the myocardial tissue of T2D rats. However, protocatechuic acid (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) treatment could significantly (p < 0.05–0.01) stimulate glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle, regulated glycemic and lipid status, reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and restored the myocardial physiology in T2D rats near to normalcy. Histological assessments were also in agreement with the above findings. In silico molecular docking study again supported the interactions of protocatechuic acid with different signaling molecules, PI3K, IRS, Akt, AMPK PKC, NF-κB and PARP, involved in glucose utilization and inflammatory pathophysiology. In silico ADME study predicted that protocatechuic acid would support the drug-likeness character. Combining all, results would suggest a possibility of protocatechuic acid to be a new therapeutic agent for DC in future.

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“…Alterations in the endogenous free radical scavenging defense mechanisms could lead to ineffective scavenging of ROS, resulting in oxidative damage, tissue injury and possible progression to AD, hypertension, and other degenerative diseases. Hence, steady supply of dietary antioxidants to augment the endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms has been proposed as a means to control free radical‐mediated oxidative stress in AD and hypertension (Adefegha, Oboh, Omojokun, & Adefegha, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of drying on cholinesterases and angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory potential and phenolic constituents of African mistletoe (Loranthus bengwensis L) leaves from kolanut host tree

2018

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This study investigated the most appropriate drying method (sun drying, oven drying, and shade drying) for mistletoe leaves obtained from kolanut tree. The phenolic constituents were characterized using high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector, while the inhibitory effect of the aqueous extracts of the leaves on cholinesterases and angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) and antioxidant activities were determined in vitro. The extracts inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and ACE in dose-dependent manner. However, extract from sun-dried sample exhibited the highest AChE, BChE, and ACE inhibitory effect while extract from shade-dried sample had the least. Likewise, sun-dried sample exhibited the highest antioxidant properties as exemplified by Fe 21 -chelating, 1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhdrazyl, OH, and nitric oxide radical scavenging abilities. This study also revealed the presence of 20 phenolic compounds with caffeic acid being the most predominant. Conclusively, kolanut host tree mistletoe leaves can be used as therapeutic agent in the management of Alzheimer's disease and hypertension. Practical applicationThe best drying method for mistletoe harvested from kolanut host tree was proposed in this study.Having identified the best drying method that retained phenolic constituents, antioxidant activities, anticholinesterase, and antihypertensive potential of kolanut host tree mistletoe leaves, this work maybe applicable in pharmaceutical industry for development of anticholinesterase and antihypertensive drugs with little or no side effect as well as in the food industry as complementary functional food/medicine in the management of Alzheimer's disease and hypertension.

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Alterations of Na+/K+-ATPase, cholinergic and antioxidant enzymes activity by protocatechuic acid in cadmium-induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in Wistar rats

Cited by 43 publications

References 47 publications

Qualitative Phytochemical Fingerprint and Network Pharmacology Investigation of Achyranthes aspera Linn. Extracts

Qualitative Phytochemical Fingerprint and Network Pharmacology Investigation of Achyranthes aspera Linn. Extracts

Protocatechuic Acid, a Phenolic from Sansevieria roxburghiana Leaves, Suppresses Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via Stimulating Glucose Metabolism, Ameliorating Oxidative Stress, and Inhibiting Inflammation

Effects of drying on cholinesterases and angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory potential and phenolic constituents of African mistletoe (Loranthus bengwensis L) leaves from kolanut host tree

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