Alterations of cardiac and renal biomarkers in horses naturally infected with theileria equi

Ahmadpour, Saman; Esmaeilnejad, Bijan; Dalir‐Naghadeh, Bahram; Asri‐Rezaei, Siamak

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101502

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The optimal cut off value for serum cystatin C was 0.53 mg/L with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.64 and 0.85; for urinary cystatin C this was at 0.20 mg/L with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.82 and 0.85 [ 25 ]. The serum cystatin C concentrations in the above mentioned Theileria equi infected horses reported by Ahmadpour et al [ 26 ] were clearly higher than this identified optimal cut of value to identify AKI set by Siwinska et al [ 25 ]. This observation also supports the idea that cystatin C is capable of detecting early AKI in absence of azotemia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Regarding the assay validation (phase I), one publication uses a human latex immunoassay, but has to conclude that the test does not work for equine samples [ 24 ]. The remaining two publications, both use a commercially available ELISA kit (MyBioSource, San Diego, CA, USA, catalogue number MBS022947) [ 25 , 26 ]. This kit is validated by the manufacturer for use with serum and urine samples of equine origin, but no data on this validation are available in the literature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another study, serum cystatin C concentrations were significantly higher in horses infected with Theileria equi . This significant increase in cystatin C was noted in absence of clinically relevant azotemia and correlated to the level of parasitemia [ 26 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Values of serum cystatin C concentrations from healthy horses have been reported to be 0.13–0.71 mg/L [ 25 ] and 0.11 ± 0.07 ng/mL [ 26 ], and urinary concentrations 0.06–0.50 mg/L [ 25 ]. However, these values are based on relatively small numbers of horses, and currently no study has been performed to establish proper reference ranges.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Legend: AKI—acute kidney injury; CKD—chronic kidney disease; ELISA—enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; Se—sensitivity; Sp—specificity; PPV—positive predictive value; NPV—negative predictive value; S—serum; U—urine. References [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomarkers of Kidney Disease in Horses: A Review of the Current Literature

Galen

Olsen²,

Siwińska

2022

Animals

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Creatinine only allows detection of kidney disease when 60 to 75% of the glomerular function is lost and is therefore not an ideal marker of disease. Additional biomarkers could be beneficial to assess kidney function and disease. The objectives are to describe new equine kidney biomarkers. This systematic review assesses the available literature, including the validation process and reference values, following which the authors suggest recommendations for clinical use. SDMA may have some potential as equine kidney biomarker, but there is currently a lack of evidence that SDMA offers any advantage compared to creatinine in detecting Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Cystatin C and podocin show potential as biomarkers for kidney disease (including detecting AKI earlier than creatinine) and should be studied further. NGAL has potential as a biomarker of kidney disease (including detecting AKI earlier than creatinine), and potential as an inflammatory marker. Literature on MMP-9 does not allow for conclusive statements about its potential as a biomarker for kidney disease. The future may show that NAG has potential. For all biomarkers, at this stage, available scientific information is limited or too scarce to support clinical use, and only SDMA can be measured for clinical purposes. In conclusion, there are multiple new biomarkers with the potential to diagnose kidney problems. However, there are only a few studies available and more data is needed before these biomarkers can be applied and recommended in our daily practice.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%