Alterations in Three-dimensional Knee Kinematics and Kinetics during Neutral, Squeeze and Outward Squat

Abstract

The squat exercise was usually performed with varying feet and hip angles by different populations. The objective of this study was to compare and contrast the three-dimensional knee angles, moments, and forces during dynamic squat exercises with varying feet and hip angles. Lower extremity motions and ground reaction forces for fifteen healthy subjects (9 females and 6 males) were recorded while performing the squat with feet pointing straight ahead (neutral squat), 30º feet adduction (squeeze squat) and 30º feet abduction (outward squat). Nonparametric procedures were used to detect differences in the interested measures between the conditions. No significant difference in three-dimensional peak knee angles was observed for three squat exercises (p>0.05), however, the overall tendency of knee rotations was affected by varying feet and hip positions. During the whole cycle, the outward squat mainly displayed adduction moments, while the neutral and squeeze squat demonstrated abduction moments. Peak abduction moments were significantly affected by feet positions (p<0.05). Moreover, the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joint forces progressively increased as knee flexed and decreased as knee extended, yet peak forces were not affected by varying feet positions (p>0.05). In conclusion, a neutral position is recommended to perform the squat exercise, while the squeeze squat and outward squat might contribute to the occurrence of joint pathologies.

Loads in the hip joint during physically demanding occupational tasks: A motion analysis study

“…54 7 ( ± )°). For lifting, the hip flexion angle was 85°-90°for the three different weights which is also in agreement with data on squatting ( 94 7 ( ± )°, Han et al, 2013). Different weight handling strategies could be observed when comparing lifting and load transfer.…”

The High-Bar and Low-Bar Back-Squats: A Biomechanical Analysis

“…Therefore, it is possible to surmise that OLY consistently demonstrate a larger hip angle and therefore, a more upright torso position when performing the HBBS when compared to the LBBS performed by POW. The knee joint findings of the present study were similar to those reported in other studies (5,11,13,17,18,20,24,27,37,38) and it appears that the OLY displays a smaller peak knee flexion angle (i.e. greater depth) than what is seen during the POW.…”

“…70-90°), in comparison to the LBBS (e.g. 100-120°) (5,11,13,17,18,20,24,27,37,38). Interestingly, some studies have reported the reverse (17,24,37).…”

The repeated bout effect of traditional resistance exercises on running performance across 3 bouts

“…Furthermore, previous studies have reported contribution of hip adductors during squatting exercises and single-leg resistance exercises (Han et al 2013;Hollman et al 2014), particularly for resistance-untrained individuals (Horan et al 2014). Accordingly, ABD-ROM may be sensitive to changes as a result of EIMD due to mono-articular movement patterns and the contribution of hip adductors during hip extension exercises.…”