Alterations in the jejunal microbiota and fecal metabolite profiles of rabbits infected with Eimeria intestinalis

Yuan, Xin; Liu, Jin; Hu, Xiaofen; Yang, Shanshan; Zhong, Shengwei; Yang, Tingyu; Zhou, Yunxiao; Zhao, Guotong; Jiang, Yijie; Li, Yong

doi:10.1186/s13071-022-05340-5

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…The consequent intestinal damage and microbiota disturbance lead to increased host vulnerability to enteritis, as manifested by DSS-induced inflammatory bowel diseases. We utilized E. hellem and E. intestinalis , two commonly diagnosed digestive tract-infecting microsporidia species with comparable endemic rates, in our study to get a comprehensive view of the effects of microsporidia on epithelium barriers ( 29 , 30 ). Our findings may help to explain the recurrent diarrheal and other intestinal abnormalities after microsporidia infection on molecular basis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsporidia persistence in host impairs epithelial barriers and increases chances of inflammatory bowel disease

Jin,

Tang,

Cao

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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Microsporidia are intracellular fungus-like pathogens and the infection symptoms include recurrent diarrhea and systematic inflammations. The major infection route of microsporidia is the digestive tract. Since microsporidia are hard to fully eliminate, the interactions and persistence of the pathogen within epithelium may modulate host susceptibility to digestive disorders. In this study, both in vitro and in vivo infection models were applied. The alterations of epithelial barrier integrity, permeability, and tight junction proteins after microsporidia infection were assessed on MDCK/Caco-2 monolayers. The fecal intestinal microbiota and tissue alterations after microsporidia infection were assessed on C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, the susceptibility to develop dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) was also analyzed by the murine infection model. The results demonstrated that microsporidia infection increased epithelium permeability, weakened wound healing capability, and destructed tight junction protein zonula occludens-1. Microsporidia infection also dysregulates intestinal microbiota. These impairing effects of microsporidia increased host vulnerability to develop enteritis as shown by the murine model of DSS-induced IBD. Our study is the first to elucidate molecular mechanisms of the damaging effects of microsporidia on host epithelium and pointed out the cryptic threats of latent microsporidia infection to public health as reflected by the increased chances of developing more severe diseases. IMPORTANCE Microsporidia are widely present in nature and usually cause latent and persistent infections in hosts. Given the fact that the digestive tract is the major infection route, it is of great importance to explore the consequences of microsporidia infection on the intestinal epithelial barrier and the risks to the host. In this study, we demonstrated the destructing effects of microsporidium infection on epithelial barriers manifested as increased epithelial permeability, weakened wound healing ability, and disrupted tight junctions. Moreover, microsporidia made the host more susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium-induced inflammatory bowel disease. These findings provide new evidence for us to better understand and develop novel strategies for microsporidia prevention and disease control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsporidia persistence in host impairs epithelial barriers and increases chances of inflammatory bowel disease

Jin,

Tang,

Cao

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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“…Cellular immune responses play a dominant role in immunity against coccidiosis ( Chapman, 2014 ). Eimeria infection in rabbits damages the jejunal structure, and increases intestinal inflammation, and disrupts gut microbiota and metabolic homoeostasis ( Yuan et al., 2022 ). Altered faecal microbiota and metabolites are potential biomarkers of coccidiosis infestation ( Yuan et al., 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eimeria infection in rabbits damages the jejunal structure, and increases intestinal inflammation, and disrupts gut microbiota and metabolic homoeostasis ( Yuan et al., 2022 ). Altered faecal microbiota and metabolites are potential biomarkers of coccidiosis infestation ( Yuan et al., 2022 ). In this study, the cellular immune responses induced by Eimeria magna and Eimeria media in the presence of Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina leaves extracts were evaluated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo anticoccidial activity and immune response of Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina leaves against Eimeria magna and Eimeria media in rabbits

Konmy

Olounladé

Adjobimey

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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IntroductionThe aims of this study were to determine the immune response and the anticoccidial activity induced by Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina leaves in rabbits infected with Eimeria magna and Eimeria media.MethodsThirty-five-day-old rabbits, free from coccidia, were infested with 2.103 oocysts of Eimeria magna and Eimeria media, then received the acetone extract of the leaves of Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina at different doses by oral gavage.Results and discussionThe inhibition of the excretion of oocysts was evaluated by the McMaster technique and the levels of cytokines (IL-4 and IL-12) and immunoglobulin IgG were assayed by the ELISA method. The in vivo efficacy on E. magna and E. media oocysts was 95.43% and 96.53% for Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina at 1000 mg/kg bw against 98% for the positive control. Interestingly the plant extracts increased the production of interleukin (IL) and immunoglobulins (Ig) compared to controls. Plasma IL-4 levels (pg/ml) in rabbits were 128.94 and 131.38; those of IL-12 (pg/ml) were 395.55 and 426.56, and then for those of IgG (μg/ml) were 14.70 and 13.94 respectively with the acetone extracts of Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina on D14 PT at 1000 mg/kg bw. This study indicates that Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina can be used as an alternative to synthetic anticoccidials. These plants could be used to increase the resistance of the immune system of rabbits to infestations of Eimeria species in rabbit farms.

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“…It has shown that humoral immunity is crucial for combating coccidial infections (Constantinoiu et al 2008 ; Yuan et al 2022 ; Ding et al 2004 ; Zhao et al 2021a , b ). Serum IgG levels in the immunized rEmMIC2 and rEmMIC3 protein groups were significantly higher than those in the control group, confirming that rEmMIC2 and rEmMIC3 proteins induced humoral immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the immune protective effects of rEmMIC2 and rEmMIC3 from Eimeria magna in rabbits

Chen

Xiao

et al. 2022

Parasitol Res

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Eimeria magna is a common pathogen in rabbits, which results in lethargy, weight loss, diarrhea, and even death in severe cases after infection. The current method for preventing rabbit coccidiosis is to add anticoccidial drugs to the diet. However, there are many concerns about drug resistance and drug residues. In our study, the rEmMIC2 and rEmMIC3 proteins were cloned and expressed to evaluate potential as recombinant subunit vaccine candidate antigens. The protective effects of rEmMIC2 and rEmMIC3 were evaluated by the relative weight gain ratio, oocyst decrease rate, anticoccidial index, feed conversion ratio, pathological alterations, clinical symptoms, specific IgG antibody, and cytokine levels in rabbits. The molecular weights of rEmMIC2 and rEmMIC3 were 18.69 kDa and 17.47 kDa, respectively. After the coccidia challenge, the control groups showed anorexia and soft poop, whereas the experimental group showed few anorexia symptoms. Significantly different from the control group, the relative weight gain ratios of the immunized rEmMIC2 and rEmMIC3 groups were 78.37% and 75.29%, respectively, and the oocyst reduction was 77.95% and 76.09%, respectively, and the anticoccidial index was 171.12 and 169.29, respectively. IgG antibody, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17 levels were significantly increased in the experimental group. The results showed that rEmMIC2 and rEmMIC3 have potential as vaccine candidate antigens.

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Alterations in the jejunal microbiota and fecal metabolite profiles of rabbits infected with Eimeria intestinalis

Cited by 8 publications

References 51 publications

Microsporidia persistence in host impairs epithelial barriers and increases chances of inflammatory bowel disease

Microsporidia persistence in host impairs epithelial barriers and increases chances of inflammatory bowel disease

In vivo anticoccidial activity and immune response of Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina leaves against Eimeria magna and Eimeria media in rabbits

Evaluation of the immune protective effects of rEmMIC2 and rEmMIC3 from Eimeria magna in rabbits

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