Alterations in the Gut Virome in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Yang, Keli; Niu, Junkun; Zuo, Tao; Sun, Yuhao; Xu, Zhilu; Tang, WM; Liu, Qin; Zhang, Jingwan; Ng, Enders K.; Wong, Sunny Kit-Man; Yeoh, Yun Kit; Chan, Paul Kay Sheung; Chan, Francis K.L.; Miao, Yi; Ng, Siew C.

doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2021.06.056

Cited by 89 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Eleven viruses, including Escherichia phages, Geobacillus phages, and Lactobacillus phages, were enriched in obese subjects. The extensive trans-kingdom correlations between viruses and bacteria observed in lean controls were significantly decreased in subjects with obesity and T2D [60]. A study comparing the gut virome of obese subjects before and after treatment showed that the virome composition changed after obesity intervention.…”

Section: Type 2 Diabetes and Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Human Virome: Viral Metagenomics, Relations with Human Diseases, and Therapeutic Applications

Bai

Lin

Hsu

et al. 2022

Viruses

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The human body is colonized by a wide range of microorganisms. The field of viromics has expanded since the first reports on the detection of viruses via metagenomic sequencing in 2002. With the continued development of reference materials and databases, viral metagenomic approaches have been used to explore known components of the virome and discover new viruses from various types of samples. The virome has attracted substantial interest since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Increasing numbers of studies and review articles have documented the diverse virome in various sites in the human body, as well as interactions between the human host and the virome with regard to health and disease. However, there have been few studies of direct causal relationships. Viral metagenomic analyses often lack standard references and are potentially subject to bias. Moreover, most virome-related review articles have focused on the gut virome and did not investigate the roles of the virome in other sites of the body in human disease. This review presents an overview of viral metagenomics, with updates regarding the relations between alterations in the human virome and the pathogenesis of human diseases, recent findings related to COVID-19, and therapeutic applications related to the human virome.

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Section: Type 2 Diabetes and Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Human Virome: Viral Metagenomics, Relations with Human Diseases, and Therapeutic Applications

Bai

Lin

Hsu

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…It is highly likely that phage-mediated horizontal transfer in the gut microbiome is involved in health and disease outcomes in humans, but no reliable data exist to confirm or refute this hypothesis. Gut microbiome and virome alterations have been linked to the immune system [ 78 , 79 ], mental health [ 80–83 ], obesity [ 84–86 ], type 2 diabetes [ 84 , 85 ], and potentially coronary heart disease [ 87 ]. Specific mechanisms of gut microbiome involvement have not yet been determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer and its implications for the human gut microbiome

Borodovich

Шкопоров

Ross

et al. 2022

Gastroenterology Report

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Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in the microbiome has profound consequences for human health and disease. The spread of antibiotic resistance genes, virulence, and pathogenicity determinants predominantly occurs by way of HGT. Evidence exists of extensive horizontal transfer in the human gut microbiome. Phage transduction is a type of HGT event in which a bacteriophage transfers non-viral DNA from one bacterial host cell to another. The abundance of tailed bacteriophages in the human gut suggests that transduction could act as a significant mode of HGT in the gut microbiome. Here we review in detail the known mechanisms of phage-mediated HGT, namely specialized and generalized transduction, lateral transduction, gene-transfer agents, and molecular piracy, as well as methods used to detect phage-mediated HGT, and discuss its potential implications for the human gut microbiome.

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“…However, most of the research focuses on gut bacteria, and little attention is paid to viruses and fungi in the intestinal tract. Recent studies found that the diversity of gut viruses in obese T2DM patients was reduced compared with lean controls ( Yang et al, 2021 ). Moreover, the fungal communities of T2DM patients were different from those of healthy individuals, showing high abundance of Malessezia firfur and unclassified Davidiella as well as low abundance of unclassified Basidiomycota ( Al Bataineh et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota: An Important Player in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Zhou

Sun

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the common metabolic diseases in the world. Due to the rise in morbidity and mortality, it has become a global health problem. To date, T2DM still cannot be cured, and its intervention measures mainly focus on glucose control as well as the prevention and treatment of related complications. Interestingly, the gut microbiota plays an important role in the development of metabolic diseases, especially T2DM. In this review, we introduce the characteristics of the gut microbiota in T2DM population, T2DM animal models, and diabetic complications. In addition, we describe the molecular mechanisms linking host and the gut microbiota in T2DM, including the host molecules that induce gut microbiota dysbiosis, immune and inflammatory responses, and gut microbial metabolites involved in pathogenesis. These findings suggest that we can treat T2DM and its complications by remodeling the gut microbiota through interventions such as drugs, probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and diets.

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Alterations in the Gut Virome in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 89 publications

References 46 publications

The Human Virome: Viral Metagenomics, Relations with Human Diseases, and Therapeutic Applications

The Human Virome: Viral Metagenomics, Relations with Human Diseases, and Therapeutic Applications

Phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer and its implications for the human gut microbiome

Gut Microbiota: An Important Player in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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