Alterations in Th17 and the Respective Cytokine Levels in Helicobacter pylori‐Induced Stomach Diseases

Abstract

It can be concluded that among the cytokines associated with Th17, the two cytokines of IL-21 and TGF-β play a more critical role in peptic ulcer and gastritis in the individuals infected with H. pylori. Furthermore, inflammation varies depending on the type of the cytokine and its secreted level.

Th‐17 response and antimicrobial peptide expression are uniformly expressed in gastric mucosa of Helicobacter pylori‐infected patients independently of their clinical outcomes

“…During H. pylori infection, increased IL‐17 production by Th17 cells induces CXCL‐8 secretion by gastric epithelial cells, which facilitates neutrophil recruitment and reduces bacterial density . In this study, a higher expression of IL‐17A was detected in H. pylori ‐infected tissues, once again in agreement with previous reports . IL‐17A expression was correlated with CXCL‐8 expression but not with bacterial density or the severity of the H. pylori ‐related diseases.…”

“…17 In this study, a higher expression of IL-17A was detected in H. pylori -infected tissues, once again in agreement with previous reports. [31][32][33] IL-17A expression was correlated with CXCL-8 expression but not with bacterial density or the severity of the H. pylori -related diseases. Although IL-22 is considered as a key factor of immune response, increased levels of IL-22 mRNA were not detected in our gastric H. pylori -infected tissues, according to the findings of Serelli-Lee et al 16 Using H. pylori -infected IL-22-deficient mice, Dixon et al recently showed that IL-22 deficiency had no impact on the expression of S100A9, CXCL-8, and IL-17A levels and in H. pylori density.…”

The importance of TH22 and TC22 cells in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori‐associated gastric diseases

“…Consistent with the current study, another study showed no significant difference in serum IL-22 levels between normal donors and patients with gastric cancer. 19 We observed simultaneous higher synthesis of IL-6, TNFα, and IL-22 in the H.pylori-infected patients compared to uninfected group. 20 Our results have shown higher TNFα levels in the peptic ulcer and moderate gastritis groups compared to the uninfected group.…”

“…Koussoulas and Shamsdin determinedthat IL-23 might play a critical role in the process of inflammation and contribution to gastritis 19,23. Koussoulas and Shamsdin determinedthat IL-23 might play a critical role in the process of inflammation and contribution to gastritis 19,23.…”

Immune Responses Mediated by Th17 Cells in <b><i>Helicobacter pylori </i></b>Infection

“…Among the cytokines related to Th17 cells, IL-21 and TGF-β are those mostly connected to gastritis and peptic ulcer disease [27] . The level of IL-17 is significantly increased in gastric mucosa of Hp-infected patients [5] .…”