Alterations in Protein Regulators of Neurodevelopment in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Infants with Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity

An update on research priorities in hydrocephalus: overview of the third National Institutes of Health-sponsored symposium “Opportunities for Hydrocephalus Research: Pathways to Better Outcomes”

“…69,70,89,130 Numerous proteins involved in nervous system development and function have been identified in CSF, including neural cadherin, neural cell adhesion molecules, neurocan, and neuroserpin. Alterations in CSF proteomic profiles have been noted in patients with impaired cognition.…”

“…119 The most promising biomarkers to date include Tau protein, amyloid-b, TNF, lactate, sulfatide, and neurofilament triple protein. 48,64,65,67,83,86,89,93,104,[112][113][114][115][116][117] A possible solution to the difficulty of interpreting these results is the use of ratios and/or panels of biomarkers and recording CSF production rate. Similarly, the methods of collection and storage of samples are critical.…”

Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Pediatric Hydrocephalus

“…While preliminary investigations into individual candidate CSF biomarkers have spanned nearly 3 decades ( Table 1 ), progress has been hastened in recent years by integrating "omics" technologies [21][22][23] and multiplex analyses [24,25] . Proteomicsbased discovery-validation paradigms have been employed to investigate the CSF of infants and children with HC [21,23] .…”

“…While preliminary investigations into individual candidate CSF biomarkers have spanned nearly 3 decades ( Table 1 ), progress has been hastened in recent years by integrating "omics" technologies [21][22][23] and multiplex analyses [24,25] . Proteomicsbased discovery-validation paradigms have been employed to investigate the CSF of infants and children with HC [21,23] . Since many biomarkers tend to be moderate-and low-abundance proteins, tandem immunoaffinity or other adjunctive fractionation techniques have been developed to remove nonspecific, high-abundance proteins such as blood proteins and keratins, in order to increase the yield of lower-abundance proteins [21,23] .…”

“…Proteomicsbased discovery-validation paradigms have been employed to investigate the CSF of infants and children with HC [21,23] . Since many biomarkers tend to be moderate-and low-abundance proteins, tandem immunoaffinity or other adjunctive fractionation techniques have been developed to remove nonspecific, high-abundance proteins such as blood proteins and keratins, in order to increase the yield of lower-abundance proteins [21,23] . Pairing such separation strategies with proteomics has enabled the identification of a large cohort of proteins unique to CSF including cell adhesion molecules, synaptic proteins, and markers of oxidative stress and neuronal death in the CSF of children with HC largely resulting from brain tumors or CHC [21] .…”