“…However, with prolonged use of L-DOPA (over years), patients often develop involuntary movements called L-DOPAinduced dyskinesia (LID) (including chorea, athetosis, ballism, and dystonia), which can be disruptive and for some disabling (Chase, 1998;Obeso et al, 2000). Recently, adenosine A 2A receptors have been directly linked to L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in humans and nonhuman primates (Zeng et al, 2000;Calon et al, 2004) and to models of LID in rodents (Fredduzzi et al, 2002;Tomiyama et al, 2004). CNS A 2A receptors are predominantly expressed in the basal ganglia, particularly in the striatum (Schiffmann et al, 1991).…”