Alterations in head shape of newborn infants after caesarean section or vaginal delivery.

Souza, S W De; Ross, J. H.; Milner, R. D. G.

doi:10.1136/adc.51.8.624

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The suboccipitofrontal diameter increased during restitution in both groups, but not significantly in the group without labor. These residts corroborate the findings only recently reported by DESOUZA et al [3]. The direction of change for the mentovertical diameter was different for the two groups, decreasing during restitution J. Perinat.…”

Section: Observations On the Restitution Of Moldingsupporting

confidence: 92%

Neonatal head shape after delivery: An index of molding

Kriewall¹,

Stys²,

McPherson³

1977

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

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Molding at parturition, äs perceived subjectively, ranges from no reshaping to marked distortion of the infant's head. While clinicians easily recognize ,the highly molded head, there are no criteria for quantitating the degree of molding. The purpose of the present study is to describe quantitatively neonatal skull molding and the restitution of the newborn's skull from the molded state during the early neonatal period.

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Section: Observations On the Restitution Of Moldingsupporting

confidence: 92%

Neonatal head shape after delivery: An index of molding

Kriewall¹,

Stys²,

McPherson³

1977

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

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“…Alterations in head shape may occur as a result of moulding as the fetus passes through the birth canal which may alter occipito‐frontal head circumference 38 . However, in preterm babies, we did not find a significant difference in head circumference between infants born by vaginal delivery and caesarean section.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Anthropometric measurements for neonates, 23 to 29 weeks gestation, in the 1990s

Karna

Brooks

Muttineni

et al. 2005

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

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Reference data describing weight, length, and head circumference (anthropometric measurements) at birth were published by Lubchenco and Usher before 1970. Few attempts have been made to investigate whether these data are appropriate for today's cohort of preterm neonates. We analysed anthropometric data for neonates born between 23 and 29 weeks' gestation. Reference charts were developed from the measurements obtained from neonatal records, and gestational age, obtained from maternal charts, on 975 neonates delivered at four neonatal centres in Michigan during 1992 and 1997. The analysis was confined to children with gestational age that was consistent or within 7 days by last menstrual period, obstetric examination, ultrasound and neonatal determinations. At 23 to 29 weeks' gestation, ethnicity and multiple births did not have any significant impact on birthweight but girls were lighter. We compared our anthropometric charts with those presently being used at many neonatal centres. In our study, physical measurements at birth of preterm neonates born between 1992 and 1997 were significantly different from those currently used to assess growth status. Furthermore data derived from published studies that utilised birth certificates with gestational age based on last menstrual period seem to overestimate birthweight. For preterm infants, our findings are concordant with recently published values from 18 states of the US. Because of improved survival, gestational age assessment and perinatal care of preterm neonates, development of new reference anthropometric measurements for neonates is overdue. Our Michigan data of 23-29 weeks preterm provides new national reference values, which we recommend for use in US neonatal centres for extremely preterm neonates.

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“…However, head circumference has greater measurement error than weight, particularly in the few days after birth, as molding resolves. 26,27 The link between head size and child development found here is consistent with other studies that examined ultrasound-estimated head size during gestation, at birth, and in the postnatal period. However, some studies have not accounted for factors such as gestational age and weight at birth, and most examined the change in head circumference over the first year rather than the first month.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Impact of Neonatal Growth on IQ and Behavior at Early School Age

2013

PEDIATRICS

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Feeding difficulties often emerge during the neonatal period and affect neonatal growth. Growth throughout the first years of life is associated with children' s IQ scores and risk of behavioral problems.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: Among infants born full term ($37 weeks' gestation) with birth weight $2500 g, gain in weight and head circumference during the neonatal period is associated with higher IQ, but not with behavior at 6.5 years of age. abstract OBJECTIVES: The objective was to examine associations of neonatal weight gain (NWG) and head circumference gain (HCG) with IQ scores and behavior at early school age. METHODS:We used data from the Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial, involving Belarusian infants born full term and weighing $2500 g. NWG and HCG were measured as the percentage gain in weight and head circumference over the first 4 weeks relative to birth size. IQ and behavior were measured at 6.5 years of age by using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scales of Intelligence and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), respectively, with SDQ collected from parents and teachers. The associations between the exposures (NWG, HCG) and children' s IQ and SDQ were examined by using mixed models to account for clustering of measurements, and adjustment for potentially confounding perinatal and socioeconomic factors. RESULTS:Mean NWG was 26% (SD 10%) of birth weight. In fully adjusted models, infants in the highest versus lowest quartile of NWG had 1.5-point (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.8 to 2.2) higher IQ scores (n = 13 840). A weak negative (protective) association between NWG and SDQ total difficulties scores was observed for the teacher-reported (b = 20.39, 95% CI 20.71 to 20.08, n = 12 016), but not the parentreported (b = 20.12, 95% CI 20.39 to 0.15, n = 13 815), SDQ. Similar associations were observed with HCG and IQ and behavior. Dr Smithers conceptualized the study and the analysis plan, contributed to the interpretation, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript; Drs Lynch and Yang conceptualized the study and the analysis plan, contributed to the interpretation, and reviewed and revised the manuscript; Mr Dahhou carried out the analysis, and reviewed and revised the manuscript; Dr Kramer designed and supervised the collection of data for the Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial, conceptualized the current study and the analysis plan, contributed to the interpretation, and reviewed and revised the manuscript; and all authors approved the final manuscript as submitted. CONCLUSIONS:This trial has been registered with the ISRCTN Register

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Alterations in head shape of newborn infants after caesarean section or vaginal delivery.

Cited by 32 publications

References 10 publications

Neonatal head shape after delivery: An index of molding

Neonatal head shape after delivery: An index of molding

Anthropometric measurements for neonates, 23 to 29 weeks gestation, in the 1990s

Impact of Neonatal Growth on IQ and Behavior at Early School Age

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