Alterations in growth and chemical constituents of tobacco in response to carbon dioxide enrichment

Rufty, Thomas W.; Jackson, D. Michael; Severson, Ray F.; Lam, Jesse J.; Snook, M. E.

doi:10.1021/jf00086a060

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…These studies showed that decreased levels of primary metabolites (amino acids, sugars) in tobacco leaves lead to a dramatic decrease in levels of nitrogen-and carbon-rich secondary metabolites (nicotine, CGA). Decreased levels of alkaloids in plants cultivated at elevated CO 2 have also been reported from field experiments, but the nitrogen state of the plants was not controlled in these experiments (Rufty et al 1989). Our results clearly demonstrate the necessity to carefully interpret experiments at high CO 2 and the requirement of differentiation between several plant tissues as well as between various groups of phenylpropanoids and other classes of secondary metabolites.…”

Section: Elevated Co 2 Leads To Altered Profiles Of Secondary Metabolsupporting

confidence: 67%

Growth at elevated CO₂ concentrations leads to modified profiles of secondary metabolites in tobacco cv. SamsunNN and to increased resistance against infection with potato virus Y

Matros¹,

Amme²,

Kettig³

et al. 2005

Plant Cell & Environment

150

106

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The effect of elevated CO 2 concentrations on the levels of secondary metabolites was investigated in tobacco plants grown under two nitrogen supply (5 and 8 m M NH 4 NO 3 ) and CO 2 conditions (350 and 1000 p.p.m.) each. High CO 2 resulted in a dramatic increase of phenylpropanoids in the leaves, including the major carbon-rich compound chlorogenic acid (CGA) and the coumarins scopolin and scopoletin at both nitrogen fertilizations. This was accompanied by increased PAL activity in leaves and roots, which was even higher at the lower nitrogen supply. Hardly any change was observed for the structural phenolic polymer lignin and the sesquiterpenoid capsidiol. In contrast, elevated CO 2 led to clearly decreased levels of the main nitrogen-rich constituent nicotine at the lower N-supply (5 m M NH 4 NO 3 ) but not when plants were grown at the higher N-supply (8 m M NH 4 NO 3 ). Inoculation experiments with potato virus Y (PVY) were used to evaluate possible ecological consequences of elevated CO 2 . The titre of viral coat-protein was markedly reduced in leaves under these conditions at both nitrogen levels. Since PR-gene expression and free salicylic acid (SA) levels remained unchanged at elevated CO 2 , we suggest that the accumulation of phenylpropanoids, for example, the major compound CGA and the coumarins scopolin and scopoletin may result in an earlier confinement of the virus at high CO 2 . Based on our results two final conclusions emerge. First, elevated CO 2 leads to a shift in secondary metabolite composition that is dependent on the availability of nitrogen. Second, changes in the pool of secondary metabolites have important consequences for plant-pathogen interactions as shown for PVY as a test organism.

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Section: Elevated Co 2 Leads To Altered Profiles Of Secondary Metabolsupporting

confidence: 67%

Growth at elevated CO₂ concentrations leads to modified profiles of secondary metabolites in tobacco cv. SamsunNN and to increased resistance against infection with potato virus Y

Matros¹,

Amme²,

Kettig³

et al. 2005

Plant Cell & Environment

150

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In contrast to the numerous observations on effects of elevated CO 2 levels on total leaf nitrogen, quantitative effects of CO 2 on specific nitrogen-containing defensive plant compounds have rarely been reported (Rufty et al, 1989;Frehner et al, 1997;Gleadow et al, 1998Gleadow et al, , 2009Goverde et al, 1999;Bazin et al, 2002). However, differentiation of compounds contributing to the overall leaf nitrogen pool is important, because these compounds may have completely different functions in interactions with higher trophic levels (Mattson, 1980;Baldwin, 1994;Ballhorn et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO2-mediated changes of plant traits and their effects on herbivores are determined by leaf age

Ballhorn¹,

Schmitt²,

Fankhauser³

et al. 2010

Ecological Entomology

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Abstract. 1. Concentration of atmospheric CO 2 is predicted to double during the 21st century. However, quantitative effects of increased CO 2 levels on natural herbivore-plant interactions are still little understood.2. In this study, we assess whether increased CO 2 quantitatively affects multiple defensive and nutritive traits in different leaf stages of cyanogenic wildtype lima bean plants (Phaseolus lunatus), and whether plant responses influence performance and choice behaviour of a natural insect herbivore, the Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis).3. We cultivated lima bean plants in climate chambers at ambient, 500, 700, and 1000 ppm CO 2 and analysed cyanogenic precursor concentration (nitrogen-based defence), total phenolics (carbon-based defence), leaf mass per area (LMA; physical defence), and soluble proteins (nutritive parameter) of three defined leaf age groups.4. In young leaves, cyanide concentration was the only parameter that quantitatively decreased in response to CO 2 treatments. In intermediate and mature leaves, cyanide and protein concentrations decreased while total phenolics and LMA increased.5. Depending on leaf stage, CO 2 -mediated changes in leaf traits significantly affected larval performance and choice behaviour of adult beetles. We observed a complete shift from highest herbivore damage in mature leaves under natural CO 2 to highest damage of young leaves under elevated CO 2. Our study shows that leaf stage is an essential factor when considering CO 2 -mediated changes of plant defences against herbivores. Since in the long run preferred consumption of young leaves can strongly affect plant fitness, variable effects of elevated CO 2 on different leaf stages should receive highlighted attention in future research.

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“…As far as we are aware, there has been only one other study of the effect of elevated CO 2 on nitrogen‐based defence compounds. This study, which examined nicotine in tobacco (Rufty et al 1989), reported a decrease in nicotine as a proportion of leaf dry weight in cured, field‐grown tobacco leaves grown at twice‐ambient CO 2 . This result, while conflicting with our own, is consistent with the relatively constant relationship between nicotine and leaf nitrogen measured in well fertilized plants (Baldwin & Ohnmeiss 1994), assuming that leaf nitrogen declined under high CO 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whether or not the increase in nitrogen‐use efficiency of plants grown at elevated CO 2 allows nitrogen in excess of photosynthetic requirements to be reallocated to other functions, such as constitutive nitrogen‐based defence compounds, has not been resolved. We are aware of only one study examining the effect of enhanced CO 2 on nitrogen‐based secondary metabolites; it demonstrated no increase in nicotine in cured leaves from field‐grown tobacco exposed to twice‐ambient CO 2 concentration (Rufty et al 1989). Bearing in mind that nicotine concentration is highly dependent on nitrogen supply (Baldwin & Ohnmeiss 1994), it is not possible to draw conclusions about the relative allocation of nitrogen to defence from the results of Rufty et al as they did not measure total leaf nitrogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced CO2 alters the relationship between photosynthesis and defence in cyanogenic Eucalyptus cladocalyx F. Muell.

1998

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The effect of elevated CO 2 and different levels of nitrogen on the partitioning of nitrogen between photosynthesis and a constitutive nitrogen-based secondary metabolite (the cyanogenic glycoside prunasin) was examined in Eucalyptus cladocalyx. Our hypothesis was that the expected increase in photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency of plants grown at elevated CO 2 concentrations would lead to an effective reallocation of available nitrogen from photosynthesis to prunasin. Seedlings were grown at two concentrations of CO 2 and nitrogen, and the proportion of leaf nitrogen allocated to photosynthesis, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), protein and prunasin compared. Up to 20% of leaf nitrogen was allocated to the cyanogenic glycoside, although this proportion varied with leaf age, position and growth conditions. Leaf prunasin concentration was strongly affected by nitrogen supply, but did not increase, on a dry weight basis, in the leaves from the elevated CO 2 treatments. However, the proportion of nitrogen allocated to prunasin increased significantly, in spite of a decreasing pool of leaf nitrogen, in the plants grown at elevated concentrations of CO 2 . There was less protein in leaves of plants grown at elevated CO 2 in both nitrogen treatments, while the concentration of active sites of Rubisco only decreased in plants from the low-nitrogen treatment. These changes in leaf chemistry may have significant implications in terms of the palatability of foliage and defence against herbivores.

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Alterations in growth and chemical constituents of tobacco in response to carbon dioxide enrichment

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Growth at elevated CO₂ concentrations leads to modified profiles of secondary metabolites in tobacco cv. SamsunNN and to increased resistance against infection with potato virus Y

Growth at elevated CO₂ concentrations leads to modified profiles of secondary metabolites in tobacco cv. SamsunNN and to increased resistance against infection with potato virus Y

CO2-mediated changes of plant traits and their effects on herbivores are determined by leaf age

Enhanced CO2 alters the relationship between photosynthesis and defence in cyanogenic Eucalyptus cladocalyx F. Muell.

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Alterations in growth and chemical constituents of tobacco in response to carbon dioxide enrichment

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Growth at elevated CO2 concentrations leads to modified profiles of secondary metabolites in tobacco cv. SamsunNN and to increased resistance against infection with potato virus Y

Growth at elevated CO2 concentrations leads to modified profiles of secondary metabolites in tobacco cv. SamsunNN and to increased resistance against infection with potato virus Y

CO2-mediated changes of plant traits and their effects on herbivores are determined by leaf age

Enhanced CO2 alters the relationship between photosynthesis and defence in cyanogenic Eucalyptus cladocalyx F. Muell.

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Growth at elevated CO₂ concentrations leads to modified profiles of secondary metabolites in tobacco cv. SamsunNN and to increased resistance against infection with potato virus Y

Growth at elevated CO₂ concentrations leads to modified profiles of secondary metabolites in tobacco cv. SamsunNN and to increased resistance against infection with potato virus Y