Alteration of unfolded protein responses and autophagy signaling represented the molecular basis underlying saccharin toxicity to Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to develop a new control method for Drosophila using saccharin sodium dihydrate (saccharin), an artificial sweetener that is safe for humans and the environment, and to elucidate its mode of action. In this study, we confirmed that saccharin can dose-dependently inhibit the development of or kill vinegar flies (VFs) and spotted wing Drosophila (SWDs). In addition, we found that low concentrations of saccharin induced a similar effect as starvation in Drosophila, whereas high concentrations of saccharin induced changes in the unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy signaling that were unlike starvation and inhibited development or killed the VF and the SWD by performing realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. Spinosad is a widely used plant protection agent for SWD control.When saccharin was cotreated with 0.25-1.0 ppm spinosad, an additive insecticidal activity was observed only at high concentrations of saccharin. However, when saccharin was cotreated with 2.0 ppm spinosad, an additive insecticidal activity was observed at low concentrations of saccharin. Taken together, alteration of UPR and autophagy signaling represented the molecular basis underlying saccharin toxicity to

Diols and sugar substitutes in attractive toxic sugar baits targeting Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes

“…Each of the diols tested in this new study has commercial uses, such as in paints, personal care, hygiene products, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals (Werle et al 2008, Dionisio et al 2018, Ren et al 2018). Recent work demonstrates that certain sugar substitutes may be toxic to arthropods (Munro et al 1998, Baudier et al 2014, Barrett et al 2020, Caponera et al 2020, Lee et al 2021, Osabutey et al 2021, Rochlin et al 2022); however, few sugar substitutes have been studied for their toxicity to mosquitoes. Moreover, testing the non-nutritive sugar substitutes in combination with sucrose is critical to distinguishing between toxicity as a cause of death as opposed to starvation (Foster 1995, Barredo and DeGennaro 2020, Sharma et al 2020).…”

Diols and sugar substitutes in attractive toxic sugar baits targetingAedes aegyptiandAedes albopictus(Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes

“…Each of the diols tested in this new study has commercial uses, such as in paints, personal care, hygiene products, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals (Werle et al 2008, Dionisio et al 2018, Ren et al 2018. Recent work demonstrates that certain sugar substitutes may be toxic to arthropods (Caponera et al 2020, Osabutey et al 2021, Lee et al 2021, Baudier et al 2014, Rochlin et al 2022; however, few artificial sweeteners have been studied for their toxicity to mosquitoes. Moreover, testing the non-nutritive sugar substitutes in combination with sucrose is critical to distinguishing between toxicity as a cause of death as opposed to starvation (Foster 1995, Barredo and DeGennaro 2020, Sharma et al 2020.…”