Alteration of the gut microbiome in first-episode drug-naïve and chronic medicated schizophrenia correlate with regional brain volumes

Ma, Xiaoqian; Asif, Huma; Dai, Lulin; Hé, Ying; Zheng, Wenxiao; Wang, Dong; Ren, Honghong; Tang, Jinsong; Li, Chunwang; Jin, Ke; Li, Zongchang; Chen, Xiaogang

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.02.005

Cited by 78 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…It typically observed that low alpha-diversity is a hallmark of dysbiosis and represents "worse" health (Yatsunenko et al, 2012). However, the literature on alpha-diversity in psychiatric populations has been mixed (e.g., no differences Shen et al, 2018;Coello et al, 2019;Painold et al, 2019;Zheng et al, 2016;Naseribafrouei et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2018), decreased (Zheng et al, 2019;Huang et al, 2018;Ma et al, 2020), and increased (Zhu et al, 2020;Jiang et al, 2015). A recent meta-analysis of the gut microbiota in major depressive disorder revealed no difference in alpha-diversity between patients and NCs (Sanada et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiome in Schizophrenia: Altered functional pathways related to immune modulation and atherosclerotic risk

Nguyen

Kościółek

Daly

et al. 2021

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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Emerging evidence has linked the gut microbiome changes to schizophrenia. However, there has been limited research into the functional pathways by which the gut microbiota contributes to the phenotype of persons with chronic schizophrenia. We characterized the composition and functional potential of the gut microbiota in 48 individuals with chronic schizophrenia and 48 matched (sequencing plate, age, sex, BMI, and antibiotic use) non-psychiatric comparison subjects (NCs) using 16S rRNA sequencing. Patients with schizophrenia demonstrated significant beta-diversity differences in microbial composition and predicted genetic functional potential compared to NCs. Alpha-diversity of taxa and functional pathways were not different between groups. Random forests analyses revealed that the microbiome predicts differentiation of patients with schizophrenia from NCs using taxa (75% accuracy) and functional profiles (67% accuracy for KEGG orthologs, 70% for MetaCyc pathways). We utilized a new compositionally-aware method incorporating reference frames to identify differentially abundant microbes and pathways, which revealed that Lachnospiraceae is associated with schizophrenia. Functional pathways related to trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase and Kdo 2-lipid A biosynthesis were altered in schizophrenia. These metabolic pathways were associated with inflammatory cytokines and risk for coronary heart disease in schizophrenia. Findings suggest potential mechanisms by which the microbiota may impact the pathophysiology of the disease through modulation of functional pathways related to immune signaling/response and lipid and glucose regulation to be further investigated in future studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiome in Schizophrenia: Altered functional pathways related to immune modulation and atherosclerotic risk

Nguyen

Kościółek

Daly

et al. 2021

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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“…A study conducted on first-episode schizophrenic patients reported altered microbiota composition that was significantly modulated by risperidone, a first-generation antipsychotic (FGA), an effect possibly related to drug-induced metabolic changes [ 162 ]. Further evidence suggests that antipsychotics may indeed affect microbiota levels in patients with SZ, specifically in regard to the taxonomic distribution in the case of chronic treatments [ 163 ]. The effects of antipsychotic may also be boosted by some antibiotics, such as minocycline, which are able to modify the gut microbiota [ 164 ].…”

Section: Microbiota and Psychiatric Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, both changes in gray matter volume and regional homogeneity correlated with the diversity of the gut microbiota [ 171 ]. In a similar fashion, significant changes in the volume of the right middle frontal gyrus seem to be related to the specific composition of gut microbiota in SZ [ 163 ]. Besides the hypothesis stating that altered gut microbiota might cause the abnormal activation of the immune system, making the gut barrier more susceptible to micro-environmental changes and leading to neuro-inflammation processes involving microglia-mediated neuronal damage, apoptosis, abnormal brain development and altered connectivity between brain regions, even epigenetic modulation might be a mechanism underlying the link between microbiota and SZ [ 172 ].…”

Section: Microbiota and Psychiatric Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbiota/Microbiome and the Gut–Brain Axis: How Much Do They Matter in Psychiatry?

Marazziti

Palermo

Parra

et al. 2021

Life

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The functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) is the result of the constant integration of bidirectional messages between the brain and peripheral organs, together with their connections with the environment. Despite the anatomical separation, gut microbiota, i.e., the microorganisms colonising the gastrointestinal tract, is highly related to the CNS through the so-called “gut–brain axis”. The aim of this paper was to review and comment on the current literature on the role of the intestinal microbiota and the gut–brain axis in some common neuropsychiatric conditions. The recent literature indicates that the gut microbiota may affect brain functions through endocrine and metabolic pathways, antibody production and the enteric network while supporting its possible role in the onset and maintenance of several neuropsychiatric disorders, neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative disorders. Alterations in the gut microbiota composition were observed in mood disorders and autism spectrum disorders and, apparently to a lesser extent, even in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and related conditions, as well as in schizophrenia. Therefore, gut microbiota might represent an interesting field of research for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of common neuropsychiatric disorders and possibly as a target for the development of innovative treatments that some authors have already labelled “psychobiotics”.

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“…Ren et al found gut microbiome changed gradually along with the development of chronic kidney disease [13]. In children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, patients with schizophrenia and mice with rheumatoid arthritis, application of drugs altered the gut microbial composition [16][17][18]. To con rm our assumption, we analyzed data using different method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Gut Microbiota Plays an Essential Role in the Onset of Membranous Nephropathy: Evidence from Multi-Center Case-Control Study and Animal Model

Shang¹,

Zhang²,

Guo³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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OBJECTIVE: Membranous nephropathy (MN) is one of the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults. Here we aim to establish a non-invasive diagnostic model using differential gut microbiome and to explore the relationship between gut microbiome and the pathogenesis of MN in animal experiment.DESIGN: A total of 825 fecal samples including MN patients and healthy controls (HC) were collected from Central, East and South China. We obtained crucial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) by 16S rRNA sequencing and then established a diagnostic model using five-fold cross-validation on random forest model. We subsequently validated its efficiency in cross regional cohort. MN rat model was induced by Sheep Anti-Rat Fx1A Serum and was used to explore the relationship between gut microbiome and the pathogenesis of MN.RESULTS: The diversity and richness of gut microbiome was significantly decreased in MN patients. The diagnostic model based on 7 operational OTUs achieved excellent efficiency with an area under curve (AUC) of 98.36% in training group. The different disease states and cross regional cohort validated high diagnostic efficiency. In rat model, urinary protein was significantly relieved by intestine cleaning, while increased again by fecal microbiome transplant (FMT). Interestingly, fecal microbiome from MN patients seems to play a protective role when compared with that from healthy people.CONCLUSION: Gut microbiome can be used as a non-invasive tool for MN diagnosis. The onset of MN depends partially on the existence of naturally colonized microbiome. Adaptive changes of gut microbiome during MN may help relieve urinary protein.

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Alteration of the gut microbiome in first-episode drug-naïve and chronic medicated schizophrenia correlate with regional brain volumes

Cited by 78 publications

References 67 publications

Gut microbiome in Schizophrenia: Altered functional pathways related to immune modulation and atherosclerotic risk

Gut microbiome in Schizophrenia: Altered functional pathways related to immune modulation and atherosclerotic risk

The Microbiota/Microbiome and the Gut–Brain Axis: How Much Do They Matter in Psychiatry?

Gut Microbiota Plays an Essential Role in the Onset of Membranous Nephropathy: Evidence from Multi-Center Case-Control Study and Animal Model

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