Alteration of Sulfate and Hydrogen Metabolism in the Human Colon by Changing Intestinal Transit Rate

Lewis, Stephen J.; Cochrane, Sean

doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.01020.x

Cited by 53 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…56,63,65,67,79,82 However, the link to symptoms and other pathogenetic and pathophysiological factors is unclear in the majority of these studies (although some of the latest studies have demonstrated associations) ( Table 1). Moreover, whether these alterations are linked to disease per se, or are merely consequences of other factors with known effects on gut microbiota composition, such as diet, [83][84][85][86] use of drugs or changes in gastrointestinal transit (reflecting abnormalities in gastrointestinal motility), [85][86][87][88] is still poorly defined and needs to be addressed in future studies.…”

Section: Gut Microbiota In Ibsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Crosstalk at the mucosal border: importance of the gut microenvironment in IBS

Öhman

Törnblom

Simrén

2014

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

154

145

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The aetiology and pathology of IBS, a functional bowel disorder thought to lack an organic cause, is largely unknown. However, studies suggest that various features, such as altered composition of the gut microbiota, together with increased intestinal permeability, a changed balance in the enteroendocrine system and a dysregulated immune system in the gut, most likely have an important role in IBS. Exactly how these entities act together and give rise to symptoms is still unknown, but an altered gut microbiota composition could lead to dysregulation of the intestinal barrier as well as the enteroendocrine and the immune systems, which (through interactions with the nervous system) might generate symptoms. This Review highlights the crosstalk between the gut microbiota, the enteroendocrine system, the immune system and the role of intestinal permeability in patients with IBS.

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Section: Gut Microbiota In Ibsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Crosstalk at the mucosal border: importance of the gut microenvironment in IBS

Öhman

Törnblom

Simrén

2014

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

154

145

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Red meat contains high amounts of sulfur amino acids, whereas processed foods and alcoholic beverages contain large amounts of sulfite or sulfate [23]. It was suggested that a high sulfur diet results in the generation of H 2 S and mucosal damage in the colon.…”

Section: Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fermentation of dietary and mucinous sulfate and sulfur amino acids, such as methionine, cystine, cysteine and taurine, by sulfate-reducing bacteria results in the production of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) [23,24]. H 2 S is an extremely toxic agent (LD 50 for rodents comparable to cyanide [25]) and luminal H 2 S concentrations in the large intestine range between 1.0 and 2.4 mM [26].…”

Section: Products Of Protein Fermentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance of protein fermentation to gut health

Windey

Preter

Verbeke

2011

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

516

349

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It is generally accepted that carbohydrate fermentation results in beneficial effects for the host because of the generation of short chain fatty acids, whereas protein fermentation is considered detrimental for the host's health. Protein fermentation mainly occurs in the distal colon, when carbohydrates get depleted and results in the production of potentially toxic metabolites such as ammonia, amines, phenols and sulfides. However, the effectivity of these metabolites has been established mainly in in vitro studies. In addition, some important bowel diseases such as colorectal cancer (CRC) and ulcerative colitis appear most often in the distal colon, which is the primary site of protein fermentation. Finally, epidemiological studies revealed that diets rich in meat are associated with the prevalence of CRC, as is the case in Western society. Importantly, meat intake not only increases fermentation of proteins but also induces increased intake of fat, heme and heterocyclic amines, which may also play a role in the development of CRC. Despite these indications, the relationship between gut health and protein fermentation has not been thoroughly investigated. In this review, the existing evidence about the potential toxicity of protein fermentation from in vitro animal and human studies will be summarized.

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“…Recent evidences showed that gut microbiota plays a very important role & however, types and its frequencies of microbial organisms constituting gut microbiota in each individual are very different from each other at the species levels. The composition of the jut microbiota is established during the fi rst few years of life and is likely shaped by multiple factors, including maternal vertical transmission, genetic makeup, diet, antibiotics, infections, and stress (Hopkins and Sharp, 2001; Lewis and Cochrane, 2007;Cecilia and Sonja, 2010;Brian et al, 2013). Since the jut microbiota is a key player of the mucosal homeostasis, dysregulation of the intestinal mucosa homeostasis is consequentially implicated in the progression of disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis: current challenges and perspectives

2013

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Brain and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are intimately connected to form a bidirectional neurohumoral communication system. The communication between gut and brain, knows as the gut-brain axis, is so well established that the functional status of gut is always related to the condition of brain. The researches on the gut-brain axis were traditionally focused on the psychological status affecting the function of the GI tract. However, recent evidences showed that gut microbiota communicates with the brain via the gut-brain axis to modulate brain development and behavioral phenotypes. These recent fi ndings on the new role of gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis implicate that gut microbiota could associate with brain functions as well as neurological diseases via the gut-brain axis. To elucidate the role of gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis, precise identification of the composition of microbes constituting gut microbiota is an essential step. However, identifi cation of microbes constituting gut microbiota has been the main technological challenge currently due to massive amount of intestinal microbes and the diffi culties in culture of gut microbes. Current methods for identifi cation of microbes constituting gut microbiota are dependent on omics analysis methods by using advanced high tech equipment. Here, we review the association of gut microbiota with the gut-brain axis, including the pros and cons of the current high throughput methods for identifi cation of microbes constituting gut microbiota to elucidate the role of gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis.

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Alteration of Sulfate and Hydrogen Metabolism in the Human Colon by Changing Intestinal Transit Rate

Cited by 53 publications

References 61 publications

Crosstalk at the mucosal border: importance of the gut microenvironment in IBS

Crosstalk at the mucosal border: importance of the gut microenvironment in IBS

Relevance of protein fermentation to gut health

The role of gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis: current challenges and perspectives

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