Alteration of Oxidative Enzymes in Potato Tuber Tissue by Infection with Phytophthora infestans

Tomiyama, Kohei; Stahmann, Mark A.

doi:10.1104/pp.39.3.483

Cited by 52 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Besides, the activity of treatedinoculated rice leaves was further increased 1.27 times when compared with that of treatednoninoculated ones. As the reference to the increase of the peroxidase activity by the inoculation in rice plant and potato plant, 24,25) it was strongly suggested that the increase of the activity as mentioned above was meaningful as the plant resistance. The details of the changes of the oxidized products by peroxidase, such as quinone-like substances, should be explored in future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Probenazole (Oryzemate®) on Rice Plants with Reference to Controlling Rice Blast

et al. 1979

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After treating rice plants by submerged application with probenazole no changes were noted in the siliciferous cells in the leaves, no morphological changes in the leaf tissue and no anti-fungal activity in leaf exudates were detected. When rice plants were treated by submerged application of probenazole and subsequently inoculated with the blast fungus (Pyricularia oryzae CAVARA) peroxidase activity (oxidation of phenolic substances) increased and an anti-conidial factor in the rice leaf increased. Also the increase of the factor was observed in rice plants treated by the chemical but not inoculated. A part of the appearance of induced resistant characteristics were thought to be similar to a reaction of resistant rice plant. The induction of resistant characteristics were largely inhibited by a heat shock upon rice plant indicating that the event was host mediated reaction. Probenazole (submerged application) appears to control the blast disease in rice by a combination of the events, such as inhibiting sensitive stages in the life cycle of the blast fungus and also activating the host defence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Probenazole (Oryzemate®) on Rice Plants with Reference to Controlling Rice Blast

et al. 1979

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“…In resistant lines, PO and PPO activities also increased upon infection [24]. After potato tubers were infected with an incompatible strain of Phytophthora infestans, PO and PPO activities were found to be induced [25]. Similarly, infection of pear fruits and wheat heads by Erwinia amylovora and Fusarium graminearum, respectively, increased PPO activity levels in both compatible and incompatible interactions [26].…”

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confidence: 99%

Functional Analysis of Polyphenol Oxidases by Antisense/Sense Technology

2007

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Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) catalyze the oxidation of phenolics to quinones, the secondary reactions of which lead to oxidative browning and postharvest losses of many fruits and vegetables. PPOs are ubiquitous in angiosperms, are inducible by both biotic and abiotic stresses, and have been implicated in several physiological processes including plant defense against pathogens and insects, the Mehler reaction, photoreduction of molecular oxygen by PSI, regulation of plastidic oxygen levels, aurone biosynthesis and the phenylpropanoid pathway. Here we review experiments in which the roles of PPO in disease and insect resistance as well as in the Mehler reaction were investigated using transgenic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants with modified PPO expression levels (suppressed PPO and overexpressing PPO). These transgenic plants showed normal growth, development and reproduction under laboratory, growth chamber and greenhouse conditions. Antisense PPO expression dramatically increased susceptibility while PPO overexpression increased resistance of tomato plants to Pseudomonas syringae. Similarly, PPO-overexpressing transgenic plants showed an increase in resistance to various insects, including common cutworm (Spodoptera litura (F.)), cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)) and beet army worm (Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)), whereas larvae feeding on plants with suppressed PPO activity had higher larval growth rates and Molecules 2007, 12 1570 consumed more foliage. Similar increases in weight gain, foliage consumption, and survival were also observed with Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)) feeding on antisense PPO transgenic tomatoes. The putative defensive mechanisms conferred by PPO and its interaction with other defense proteins are discussed. In addition, transgenic plants with suppressed PPO exhibited more favorable water relations and decreased photoinhibition compared to nontransformed controls and transgenic plants overexpressing PPO, suggesting that PPO may have a role in the development of plant water stress and potential for photoinhibition and photooxidative damage that may be unrelated to any effects on the Mehler reaction. These results substantiate the defensive role of PPO and suggest that manipulation of PPO activity in specific tissues has the potential to provide broad-spectrum resistance simultaneously to both disease and insect pests, however, effects of PPO on postharvest quality as well as water stress physiology should also be considered. In addition to the functional analysis of tomato PPO, the application of antisense/sense technology to decipher the functions of PPO in other plant species as well as for commercial uses are discussed.

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“…The oxidation of guaiacol was assessed by recording the absorbance increase at 470 nm and 25 ˚C [16]. The enzyme unit was express as the absorbance change at 470 nm, per minute, under the above conditions.…”

Section: Enzyme Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and biochemical characterization of Sesamum germplasms tolerant to NaCl

2016

J App Biol Biotech

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Sesamum indicum L. (family-Pedaliaceae) is an economically important oil seed crop grown in tropical and subtropical countries. It is widely used in food, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical industries. Salinity is considered as the most important abiotic stress limiting to crop production. In this context, the present study was to evaluate the Sesamum genotypes for salinity tolerance. Germinated seedlings (15-d-old) were used to screen the germplsm at different concentrations (0, 25mM, 50mM, 75mM, 100mM) of NaCl and observation was taken after 15 th , 30 th and 45 th days of treatment. Ion content (Na + , Cl -, Ca ++ , Mg ++ and K ++ ) were measured after 15 days of treatment. Fresh and dry weight was less in salt sensitive genotypes than tolerant genotypes. During increase of salinity concentration, all the genotypes had a negative impact on roots. The seedlings showed reduced growth and displayed variation in ion uptake thus accumulating Na + and Cl -in the roots. At higher concentration of salt treatment showed the more dry weight and displayed more effective ion regulation by manipulating low Na + /K + and Na + /Ca ++ ratio. The tolerant genotypes exhibited the lowest shoot Na + content under salinity conditions. Higher proline accumulation was observed at 100 mM after 15 days of NaCl treatments in 'KM-13' genotype. After 15 days of treatment, the genotype 'ES 2138-2' showed maximum proline accumulation. The total carbohydrates contents increased in all the ten genotypes in presence of NaCl. Highest carbohydrate content was found in genotype 'SI-1926' grown in 100 mM NaCl. Enzyme activities are variable in different genotypes with different concentration of NaCl. This study will help in Sesamum improvement programme.

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Alteration of Oxidative Enzymes in Potato Tuber Tissue by Infection with Phytophthora infestans

Cited by 52 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of Probenazole (Oryzemate<sup>®</sup>) on Rice Plants with Reference to Controlling Rice Blast

Effects of Probenazole (Oryzemate<sup>®</sup>) on Rice Plants with Reference to Controlling Rice Blast

Functional Analysis of Polyphenol Oxidases by Antisense/Sense Technology

Physiological and biochemical characterization of Sesamum germplasms tolerant to NaCl

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